source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 89306f9

clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 89306f9 was dd08c1b, checked in by William Harrington <kb0iic@…>, 11 years ago

Fix test suite commands for proper utilization of the nobody user and use the dummy group only for coreutils.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 41.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
36
37<screen os="d"><userinput>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
38 ./configure --prefix=/usr \
39 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
40 --enable-install-program=hostname --libexecdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
41
42 <variablelist os="d1">
43 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
44
45 <varlistentry os="d2">
46 <term><parameter>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</parameter></term>
47 <listitem>
48 <para>Forces Coreutils to compile when using the root user.</para>
49 </listitem>
50 </varlistentry>
51
52 </variablelist>
53
54 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
55
56<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
57
58 <para os="g">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
59 the tests that are meant to be run as user
60 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
61
62<screen os="h"><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para os="i">The testsuite will now be run as the
65 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Some tests require
66 that the user be a member of more than one group. Add a temporary group
67 and make the user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part
68 of it so that the tests are not skipped:</para>
69
70<screen os="j"><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group</userinput></screen>
71
72 <para os="k">Fix permissions of some files so the non-root user can compile
73 and run the tests:</para>
74
75<screen os="l"><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="m">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
78 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user:</para>
79
80<screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
81 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes -k check || true"</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para os="o">Remove the temporary group:</para>
84
85<screen os="p"><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
86
87 <para os="q">Install the package:</para>
88
89<screen os="r"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para os="s">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
92
93<screen os="t"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
94mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
95mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
96mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
97
98 </sect2>
99
100 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
101 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
102
103 <segmentedlist>
104 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
105 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
106 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
107
108 <seglistitem>
109 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
110 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
111 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
112 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
113 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
114 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
115 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
116 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
117 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
118 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
119 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
120 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
121 </seglistitem>
122 </segmentedlist>
123
124 <variablelist>
125 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
126 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
127 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
128
129 <varlistentry id="base64">
130 <term><command>base64</command></term>
131 <listitem>
132 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
134 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
135 </indexterm>
136 </listitem>
137 </varlistentry>
138
139 <varlistentry id="basename">
140 <term><command>basename</command></term>
141 <listitem>
142 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
143 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
144 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
145 </indexterm>
146 </listitem>
147 </varlistentry>
148
149 <varlistentry id="cat">
150 <term><command>cat</command></term>
151 <listitem>
152 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
154 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
155 </indexterm>
156 </listitem>
157 </varlistentry>
158
159 <varlistentry id="chcon">
160 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
161 <listitem>
162 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
164 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
165 </indexterm>
166 </listitem>
167 </varlistentry>
168
169 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
170 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
171 <listitem>
172 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
174 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
175 </indexterm>
176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
179 <varlistentry id="chmod">
180 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
183 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
184 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
185 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
186 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
187 </indexterm>
188 </listitem>
189 </varlistentry>
190
191 <varlistentry id="chown">
192 <term><command>chown</command></term>
193 <listitem>
194 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
195 directories</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
197 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="chroot">
203 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
206 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
207 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
208 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
209 </indexterm>
210 </listitem>
211 </varlistentry>
212
213 <varlistentry id="cksum">
214 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
215 <listitem>
216 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
217 counts of each specified file</para>
218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
219 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
224 <varlistentry id="comm">
225 <term><command>comm</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
228 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
229 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
230 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
231 </indexterm>
232 </listitem>
233 </varlistentry>
234
235 <varlistentry id="cp">
236 <term><command>cp</command></term>
237 <listitem>
238 <para>Copies files</para>
239 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
240 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
241 </indexterm>
242 </listitem>
243 </varlistentry>
244
245 <varlistentry id="csplit">
246 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
247 <listitem>
248 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
249 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
250 count of each new file</para>
251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
252 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
253 </indexterm>
254 </listitem>
255 </varlistentry>
256
257 <varlistentry id="cut">
258 <term><command>cut</command></term>
259 <listitem>
260 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
261 fields or positions</para>
262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
263 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
264 </indexterm>
265 </listitem>
266 </varlistentry>
267
268 <varlistentry id="date">
269 <term><command>date</command></term>
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
272 system date</para>
273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
274 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
275 </indexterm>
276 </listitem>
277 </varlistentry>
278
279 <varlistentry id="dd">
280 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
281 <listitem>
282 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
283 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
285 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="df">
291 <term><command>df</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
294 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
295 files</para>
296 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
297 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
298 </indexterm>
299 </listitem>
300 </varlistentry>
301
302 <varlistentry id="dir">
303 <term><command>dir</command></term>
304 <listitem>
305 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
306 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
307 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
308 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
309 </indexterm>
310 </listitem>
311 </varlistentry>
312
313 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
314 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
315 <listitem>
316 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
317 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
318 <command>ls</command></para>
319 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
320 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322 </listitem>
323 </varlistentry>
324
325 <varlistentry id="dirname">
326 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
327 <listitem>
328 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
329 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
330 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
331 </indexterm>
332 </listitem>
333 </varlistentry>
334
335 <varlistentry id="du">
336 <term><command>du</command></term>
337 <listitem>
338 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
339 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
340 each of the given files</para>
341 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
342 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
343 </indexterm>
344 </listitem>
345 </varlistentry>
346
347 <varlistentry id="echo">
348 <term><command>echo</command></term>
349 <listitem>
350 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
351 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
352 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
353 </indexterm>
354 </listitem>
355 </varlistentry>
356
357 <varlistentry id="env">
358 <term><command>env</command></term>
359 <listitem>
360 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
361 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
362 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
363 </indexterm>
364 </listitem>
365 </varlistentry>
366
367 <varlistentry id="expand">
368 <term><command>expand</command></term>
369 <listitem>
370 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
372 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="expr">
378 <term><command>expr</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
382 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="factor">
388 <term><command>factor</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
392 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="false">
398 <term><command>false</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
401 indicating failure</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
403 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="fmt">
409 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
413 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="fold">
419 <term><command>fold</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
423 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="groups">
429 <term><command>groups</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
433 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="head">
439 <term><command>head</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
442 of each given file</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
444 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="hostid">
450 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
454 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="hostname">
460 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
464 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="id">
470 <term><command>id</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
473 of the current user or specified user</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
475 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="install">
481 <term><command>install</command> </term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
484 possible, their owner and group</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
486 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="join">
492 <term><command>join</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
495 separate files</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
497 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="link">
503 <term><command>link</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
507 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="ln">
513 <term><command>ln</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
517 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="logname">
523 <term><command>logname</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
527 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="ls">
533 <term><command>ls</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
537 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
543 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
547 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
553 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
557 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
563 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
566 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
568 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="mknod">
574 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
577 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
578 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
579 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
580 </indexterm>
581 </listitem>
582 </varlistentry>
583
584 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
585 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
586 <listitem>
587 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
588 scripts</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
590 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="mv">
596 <term><command>mv</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
600 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="nice">
606 <term><command>nice</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
610 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="nl">
616 <term><command>nl</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
620 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="nohup">
626 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
629 a log file</para>
630 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
631 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
632 </indexterm>
633 </listitem>
634 </varlistentry>
635
636 <varlistentry id="nproc">
637 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
638 <listitem>
639 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to the current
640 process</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
642 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
648 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
652 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="od">
658 <term><command>od</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
662 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="paste">
668 <term><command>paste</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
671 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
673 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
679 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
683 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="pinky">
689 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
692 about the given users</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
694 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="pr">
700 <term><command>pr</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
703 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
704 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
705 </indexterm>
706 </listitem>
707 </varlistentry>
708
709 <varlistentry id="printenv">
710 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
711 <listitem>
712 <para>Prints the environment</para>
713 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
714 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
715 </indexterm>
716 </listitem>
717 </varlistentry>
718
719 <varlistentry id="printf">
720 <term><command>printf</command></term>
721 <listitem>
722 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
723 like the C printf function</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
725 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="ptx">
731 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
734 with each keyword in its context</para>
735 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
736 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
737 </indexterm>
738 </listitem>
739 </varlistentry>
740
741 <varlistentry id="pwd">
742 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
743 <listitem>
744 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
746 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="readlink">
752 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
756 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="realpath">
762 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
766 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="rm">
772 <term><command>rm</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
776 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
782 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
786 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="runcon">
792 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
796 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="seq">
802 <term><command>seq</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
805 given increment</para>
806 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
807 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
808 </indexterm>
809 </listitem>
810 </varlistentry>
811
812 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
813 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
814 <listitem>
815 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
816 checksums</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
818 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
824 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
828 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
834 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
838 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
844 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
848 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
854 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
858 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="shred">
864 <term><command>shred</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
867 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
868 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
869 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
870 </indexterm>
871 </listitem>
872 </varlistentry>
873
874 <varlistentry id="shuf">
875 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
876 <listitem>
877 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
879 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="sleep">
885 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
889 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="sort">
895 <term><command>sort</command></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
899 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 <varlistentry id="split">
905 <term><command>split</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
908 lines</para>
909 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
910 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
911 </indexterm>
912 </listitem>
913 </varlistentry>
914
915 <varlistentry id="stat">
916 <term><command>stat</command></term>
917 <listitem>
918 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
919 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
920 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
921 </indexterm>
922 </listitem>
923 </varlistentry>
924
925 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
926 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
927 <listitem>
928 <para>Runs a command with modified buffering operations for its
929 standard streams</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
931 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="stty">
937 <term><command>stty</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
941 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="sum">
947 <term><command>sum</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
951 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="sync">
957 <term><command>sync</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
960 and updates the super block</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
962 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="tac">
968 <term><command>tac</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
972 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="tail">
978 <term><command>tail</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
981 given file</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
983 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="tee">
989 <term><command>tee</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
992 and to the given files</para>
993 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
994 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
995 </indexterm>
996 </listitem>
997 </varlistentry>
998
999 <varlistentry id="test">
1000 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
1001 <listitem>
1002 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1004 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1010 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1014 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="touch">
1020 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1023 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1024 are created with zero length</para>
1025 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1026 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1027 </indexterm>
1028 </listitem>
1029 </varlistentry>
1030
1031 <varlistentry id="tr">
1032 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1033 <listitem>
1034 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1035 standard input</para>
1036 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1037 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1038 </indexterm>
1039 </listitem>
1040 </varlistentry>
1041
1042 <varlistentry id="true">
1043 <term><command>true</command></term>
1044 <listitem>
1045 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1046 indicating success</para>
1047 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1048 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1049 </indexterm>
1050 </listitem>
1051 </varlistentry>
1052
1053 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1054 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1055 <listitem>
1056 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1058 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
1063 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1064 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1067 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1068 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1069 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1070 </indexterm>
1071 </listitem>
1072 </varlistentry>
1073
1074 <varlistentry id="tty">
1075 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1076 <listitem>
1077 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1078 input</para>
1079 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1080 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1081 </indexterm>
1082 </listitem>
1083 </varlistentry>
1084
1085 <varlistentry id="uname">
1086 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1087 <listitem>
1088 <para>Reports system information</para>
1089 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1090 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1091 </indexterm>
1092 </listitem>
1093 </varlistentry>
1094
1095 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1096 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1097 <listitem>
1098 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1100 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1106 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1110 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1116 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1120 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="users">
1126 <term><command>users</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1130 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1136 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1140 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="wc">
1146 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1149 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1151 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1152 </indexterm>
1153 </listitem>
1154 </varlistentry>
1155
1156 <varlistentry id="who">
1157 <term><command>who</command></term>
1158 <listitem>
1159 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1161 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1162 </indexterm>
1163 </listitem>
1164 </varlistentry>
1165
1166 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1167 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1168 <listitem>
1169 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1170 user ID</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1172 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="yes">
1178 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1181 killed</para>
1182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1183 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1184 </indexterm>
1185 </listitem>
1186 </varlistentry>
1187
1188 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1189 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1190 <listitem>
1191 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1193 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1194 </indexterm>
1195 </listitem>
1196 </varlistentry>
1197
1198 </variablelist>
1199
1200 </sect2>
1201
1202</sect1>
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