source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 7fc909b

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 7fc909b was 03e8867, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 18 years ago

r5286@server: jim | 2006-08-28 14:13:04 -0700
Updated to Coreutils Uname Patch -2, which supports all architectures
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 35.4 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29 installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
34 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
35 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
36 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
37
38<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
39
40 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
41
42<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
43
44 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
45
46<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
47
48 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
49 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
50 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
51 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
52 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
53
54 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
55 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
56
57<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
58echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
59echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
60
61 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
62 the tests that are meant to be run as user
63 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
64
65<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
66
67 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
68 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
69
70<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
71
72 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
73 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
74
75<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
78
79<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
80
81 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
82
83<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
84mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
85mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
89 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
90 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
91 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
92
93<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
94mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
95ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
96
97 </sect2>
98
99 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
100 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
101
102 <segmentedlist>
103 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
104
105 <seglistitem>
106 <seg>[, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
107 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
108 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
109 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
110 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
111 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
112 shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
113 test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
114 users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
115 </seglistitem>
116 </segmentedlist>
117
118 <variablelist>
119 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
120 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
121 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
122
123 <varlistentry id="basename">
124 <term><command>basename</command></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
128 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
129 </indexterm>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 <varlistentry id="cat">
134 <term><command>cat</command></term>
135 <listitem>
136 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
137 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
138 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
139 </indexterm>
140 </listitem>
141 </varlistentry>
142
143 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
144 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
145 <listitem>
146 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
147 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
148 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
149 </indexterm>
150 </listitem>
151 </varlistentry>
152
153 <varlistentry id="chmod">
154 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
155 <listitem>
156 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
157 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
158 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
160 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
161 </indexterm>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry id="chown">
166 <term><command>chown</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
169 directories</para>
170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
171 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
172 </indexterm>
173 </listitem>
174 </varlistentry>
175
176 <varlistentry id="chroot">
177 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
178 <listitem>
179 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
180 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
182 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="cksum">
188 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
191 counts of each specified file</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
193 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="comm">
199 <term><command>comm</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
202 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
204 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="cp">
210 <term><command>cp</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Copies files</para>
213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
214 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
215 </indexterm>
216 </listitem>
217 </varlistentry>
218
219 <varlistentry id="csplit">
220 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
221 <listitem>
222 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
223 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
224 count of each new file</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
226 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="cut">
232 <term><command>cut</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
235 fields or positions</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
237 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="date">
243 <term><command>date</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
246 system date</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
248 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="dd">
254 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
257 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
259 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="df">
265 <term><command>df</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
268 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
269 files</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
271 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="dir">
277 <term><command>dir</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
280 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
282 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
288 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
291 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
292 <command>ls</command></para>
293 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
294 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296 </listitem>
297 </varlistentry>
298
299 <varlistentry id="dirname">
300 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
301 <listitem>
302 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
304 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="du">
310 <term><command>du</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
313 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
314 each of the given files</para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
316 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="echo">
322 <term><command>echo</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
326 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="env">
332 <term><command>env</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
336 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="expand">
342 <term><command>expand</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
346 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="expr">
352 <term><command>expr</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
355 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
356 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
357 </indexterm>
358 </listitem>
359 </varlistentry>
360
361 <varlistentry id="factor">
362 <term><command>factor</command></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
365 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
366 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
367 </indexterm>
368 </listitem>
369 </varlistentry>
370
371 <varlistentry id="false">
372 <term><command>false</command></term>
373 <listitem>
374 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
375 indicating failure</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
377 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="fmt">
383 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
386 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
387 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
388 </indexterm>
389 </listitem>
390 </varlistentry>
391
392 <varlistentry id="fold">
393 <term><command>fold</command></term>
394 <listitem>
395 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
397 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="groups">
403 <term><command>groups</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
407 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="head">
413 <term><command>head</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
416 of each given file</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
418 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="hostid">
424 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
427 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
428 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
429 </indexterm>
430 </listitem>
431 </varlistentry>
432
433 <varlistentry id="hostname">
434 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
435 <listitem>
436 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
438 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="id">
444 <term><command>id</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
447 of the current user or specified user</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
449 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="install">
455 <term><command>install</command> </term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
458 possible, their owner and group</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
460 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="join">
466 <term><command>join</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
469 separate files</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
471 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="link">
477 <term><command>link</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
480 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
481 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
482 </indexterm>
483 </listitem>
484 </varlistentry>
485
486 <varlistentry id="ln">
487 <term><command>ln</command></term>
488 <listitem>
489 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
491 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="logname">
497 <term><command>logname</command></term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
501 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="ls">
507 <term><command>ls</command></term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
511 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
517 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
520 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
521 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
522 </indexterm>
523 </listitem>
524 </varlistentry>
525
526 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
527 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
528 <listitem>
529 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
531 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
537 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
540 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
542 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="mknod">
548 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
551 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
553 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="mv">
559 <term><command>mv</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
563 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="nice">
569 <term><command>nice</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
573 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="nl">
579 <term><command>nl</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
583 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="nohup">
589 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
592 a log file</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
594 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="od">
600 <term><command>od</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
604 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="paste">
610 <term><command>paste</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
613 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
615 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
621 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
625 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="pinky">
631 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
634 about the given users</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
636 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="pr">
642 <term><command>pr</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
646 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="printenv">
652 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Prints the environment</para>
655 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
656 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
657 </indexterm>
658 </listitem>
659 </varlistentry>
660
661 <varlistentry id="printf">
662 <term><command>printf</command></term>
663 <listitem>
664 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
665 like the C printf function</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
667 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="ptx">
673 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
676 with each keyword in its context</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
678 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="pwd">
684 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
688 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="readlink">
694 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
698 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="rm">
704 <term><command>rm</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
708 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
714 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
718 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="seq">
724 <term><command>seq</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
727 given increment</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
729 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
735 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
738 checksums</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
740 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="shred">
746 <term><command>shred</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
749 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
751 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="sleep">
757 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
761 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="sort">
767 <term><command>sort</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
771 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="split">
777 <term><command>split</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
780 lines</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
782 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="stat">
788 <term><command>stat</command></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
792 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="stty">
798 <term><command>stty</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
802 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sum">
808 <term><command>sum</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
812 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sync">
818 <term><command>sync</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
821 and updates the super block</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
823 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="tac">
829 <term><command>tac</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
833 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="tail">
839 <term><command>tail</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
842 given file</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
844 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="tee">
850 <term><command>tee</command></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
853 and to the given files</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
855 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="test">
861 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
865 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="touch">
871 <term><command>touch</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
874 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
875 are created with zero length</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
877 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="tr">
883 <term><command>tr</command></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
886 standard input</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
888 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="true">
894 <term><command>true</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
897 indicating success</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
899 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 <varlistentry id="tsort">
905 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
908 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
909 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
910 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
911 </indexterm>
912 </listitem>
913 </varlistentry>
914
915 <varlistentry id="tty">
916 <term><command>tty</command></term>
917 <listitem>
918 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
919 input</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
921 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="uname">
927 <term><command>uname</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Reports system information</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
931 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
937 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
941 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="uniq">
947 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
951 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="unlink">
957 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Removes the given file</para>
960 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
961 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
962 </indexterm>
963 </listitem>
964 </varlistentry>
965
966 <varlistentry id="users">
967 <term><command>users</command></term>
968 <listitem>
969 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
971 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="vdir">
977 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
981 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="wc">
987 <term><command>wc</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
990 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
992 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="who">
998 <term><command>who</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1002 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1008 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1011 user ID</para>
1012 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1013 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1014 </indexterm>
1015 </listitem>
1016 </varlistentry>
1017
1018 <varlistentry id="yes">
1019 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1020 <listitem>
1021 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1022 killed</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1024 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 </variablelist>
1030
1031 </sect2>
1032
1033</sect1>
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