source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 6bb748c

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 6bb748c was 2dd50be, checked in by Joe Ciccone <jciccone@…>, 18 years ago

Updated to Coreutils 6.9
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 37.6 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="a">Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be
29 installed by other packages:</para>
30
31<screen os="b"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
32
33 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
34 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
35 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
36 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
37
38<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
39
40 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
41
42<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
43
44 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
45
46<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
47
48 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
49 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
50 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
51 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
52 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
53
54 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
55 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
56
57<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
58echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
59echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
60
61 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
62 the tests that are meant to be run as user
63 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
64
65<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
66
67 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
68 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
69
70<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
71
72 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
73 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
74
75<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
78
79<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
80
81 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
82
83<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
84mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
85mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
89 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
90 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
91 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
92
93<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
94mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
95ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
96
97 </sect2>
98
99 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
100 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
101
102 <segmentedlist>
103 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
104
105 <seglistitem>
106 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
107 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
108 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
109 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
110 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
111 pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
112 sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
113 split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
114 tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who,
115 whoami, and yes</seg>
116 </seglistitem>
117 </segmentedlist>
118
119 <variablelist>
120 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
121 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
122 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
123
124 <varlistentry id="base64">
125 <term><command>base64</command></term>
126 <listitem>
127 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
128 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
129 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
130 </indexterm>
131 </listitem>
132 </varlistentry>
133
134 <varlistentry id="basename">
135 <term><command>basename</command></term>
136 <listitem>
137 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
139 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
140 </indexterm>
141 </listitem>
142 </varlistentry>
143
144 <varlistentry id="cat">
145 <term><command>cat</command></term>
146 <listitem>
147 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
148 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
149 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
150 </indexterm>
151 </listitem>
152 </varlistentry>
153
154 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
155 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
156 <listitem>
157 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
158 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
159 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
160 </indexterm>
161 </listitem>
162 </varlistentry>
163
164 <varlistentry id="chmod">
165 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
166 <listitem>
167 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
168 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
169 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
171 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
172 </indexterm>
173 </listitem>
174 </varlistentry>
175
176 <varlistentry id="chown">
177 <term><command>chown</command></term>
178 <listitem>
179 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
180 directories</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
182 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="chroot">
188 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
191 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
193 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="cksum">
199 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
202 counts of each specified file</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
204 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="comm">
210 <term><command>comm</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
213 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
215 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="cp">
221 <term><command>cp</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Copies files</para>
224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
225 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
226 </indexterm>
227 </listitem>
228 </varlistentry>
229
230 <varlistentry id="csplit">
231 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
232 <listitem>
233 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
234 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
235 count of each new file</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
237 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="cut">
243 <term><command>cut</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
246 fields or positions</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
248 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="date">
254 <term><command>date</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
257 system date</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
259 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="dd">
265 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
268 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
270 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="df">
276 <term><command>df</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
279 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
280 files</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
282 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="dir">
288 <term><command>dir</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
291 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
293 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
299 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
302 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
303 <command>ls</command></para>
304 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
305 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307 </listitem>
308 </varlistentry>
309
310 <varlistentry id="dirname">
311 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
312 <listitem>
313 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
315 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="du">
321 <term><command>du</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
324 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
325 each of the given files</para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
327 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="echo">
333 <term><command>echo</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
337 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="env">
343 <term><command>env</command></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
347 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
348 </indexterm>
349 </listitem>
350 </varlistentry>
351
352 <varlistentry id="expand">
353 <term><command>expand</command></term>
354 <listitem>
355 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
357 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="expr">
363 <term><command>expr</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
367 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="factor">
373 <term><command>factor</command></term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
377 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="false">
383 <term><command>false</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
386 indicating failure</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
388 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="fmt">
394 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
398 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="fold">
404 <term><command>fold</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
408 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="groups">
414 <term><command>groups</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
418 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="head">
424 <term><command>head</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
427 of each given file</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
429 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="hostid">
435 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
439 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="hostname">
445 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
449 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="id">
455 <term><command>id</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
458 of the current user or specified user</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
460 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="install">
466 <term><command>install</command> </term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
469 possible, their owner and group</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
471 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="join">
477 <term><command>join</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
480 separate files</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
482 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="link">
488 <term><command>link</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
492 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="ln">
498 <term><command>ln</command></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
502 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="logname">
508 <term><command>logname</command></term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
512 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="ls">
518 <term><command>ls</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
522 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
528 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
532 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
538 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
542 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
548 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
551 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
553 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="mknod">
559 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
562 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
564 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="mv">
570 <term><command>mv</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
573 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
574 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
575 </indexterm>
576 </listitem>
577 </varlistentry>
578
579 <varlistentry id="nice">
580 <term><command>nice</command></term>
581 <listitem>
582 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
584 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="nl">
590 <term><command>nl</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
594 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="nohup">
600 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
603 a log file</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
605 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="od">
611 <term><command>od</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
615 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="paste">
621 <term><command>paste</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
624 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
626 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
632 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
636 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="pinky">
642 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
645 about the given users</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
647 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="pr">
653 <term><command>pr</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
657 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="printenv">
663 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Prints the environment</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
667 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="printf">
673 <term><command>printf</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
676 like the C printf function</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
678 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="ptx">
684 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
687 with each keyword in its context</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
689 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="pwd">
695 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
699 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="readlink">
705 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
709 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="rm">
715 <term><command>rm</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
719 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
725 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
729 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="seq">
735 <term><command>seq</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
738 given increment</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
740 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
746 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
749 checksums</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
751 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
757 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
761 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
767 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
771 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
777 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
781 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
787 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
791 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="shred">
797 <term><command>shred</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
800 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
802 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="shuf">
808 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
812 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sleep">
818 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
822 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sort">
828 <term><command>sort</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
832 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="split">
838 <term><command>split</command></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
841 lines</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
843 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="stat">
849 <term><command>stat</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
853 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="stty">
859 <term><command>stty</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
863 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="sum">
869 <term><command>sum</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
873 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="sync">
879 <term><command>sync</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
882 and updates the super block</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
884 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="tac">
890 <term><command>tac</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
894 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="tail">
900 <term><command>tail</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
903 given file</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
905 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="tee">
911 <term><command>tee</command></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
914 and to the given files</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
916 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="test">
922 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
926 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="touch">
932 <term><command>touch</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
935 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
936 are created with zero length</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
938 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="tr">
944 <term><command>tr</command></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
947 standard input</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
949 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="true">
955 <term><command>true</command></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
958 indicating success</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
960 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="tsort">
966 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
969 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
971 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="tty">
977 <term><command>tty</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
980 input</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
982 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="uname">
988 <term><command>uname</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Reports system information</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
992 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
998 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1002 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1008 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1012 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1018 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1022 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="users">
1028 <term><command>users</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1032 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1038 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1042 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
1047 <varlistentry id="wc">
1048 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1051 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1053 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="who">
1059 <term><command>who</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1063 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1069 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1072 user ID</para>
1073 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1074 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1075 </indexterm>
1076 </listitem>
1077 </varlistentry>
1078
1079 <varlistentry id="yes">
1080 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1081 <listitem>
1082 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1083 killed</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1085 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 </variablelist>
1091
1092 </sect2>
1093
1094</sect1>
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