source: BOOK/final-system/common/coreutils.xml@ 2919d9a

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since 2919d9a was 427015f, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 16 years ago

Update lists of installed programs
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
27
28 <para os="p1">A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
29 this package is that the <option>-p</option> switch always
30 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
31 fixes this behavior for all architectures:</para>
32
33<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
34
35 <para os="p3">This patch adds support for Internationalization:</para>
36
37<screen os="p4"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
38
39 <para os="c">Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
40
41<screen os="d"><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
42 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime \
43 --enable-install-program=hostname</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para os="e">Compile the package:</para>
46
47<screen os="f"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
48
49 <para os="g">The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
50 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
51 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
52 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
53 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
54
55 <para os="h">Create two <systemitem class="groupname">dummy</systemitem> groups
56 and a <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
57
58<screen os="i"><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
59echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
60echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para os="j">Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run
63 the tests that are meant to be run as user
64 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
65
66<screen os="k"><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
67
68 <para os="l">Then run the remainder of the tests as the
69 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
70
71<screen os="m"><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para os="n">When testing is complete, remove the
74 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user and groups:</para>
75
76<screen os="o"><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para os="p">Install the package:</para>
79
80<screen os="q"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
81
82 <para os="r">Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
83
84<screen os="s"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date} /bin
85mv -v /usr/bin/{dd,df,echo,false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod} /bin
86mv -v /usr/bin/{mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,stty,true,uname} /bin
87mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
88
89 <para os="t">Other Coreutils programs are used by some of the scripts
90 in the CLFS-Bootscripts package. As <filename
91 class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early
92 stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
93
94<screen os="u"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{[,basename,head,install,nice} /bin
95mv -v /usr/bin/{readlink,sleep,sync,test,touch} /bin
96ln -svf ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
97
98 </sect2>
99
100 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
101 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
102
103 <segmentedlist>
104 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
105
106 <seglistitem>
107 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot,
108 cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
109 echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
110 hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
111 mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk,
112 pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
113 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
114 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch,
115 tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc,
116 who, whoami, and yes</seg>
117 </seglistitem>
118 </segmentedlist>
119
120 <variablelist>
121 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
122 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
123 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
124
125 <varlistentry id="base64">
126 <term><command>base64</command></term>
127 <listitem>
128 <para>Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output</para>
129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
130 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
131 </indexterm>
132 </listitem>
133 </varlistentry>
134
135 <varlistentry id="basename">
136 <term><command>basename</command></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
140 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
141 </indexterm>
142 </listitem>
143 </varlistentry>
144
145 <varlistentry id="cat">
146 <term><command>cat</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
150 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
151 </indexterm>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry id="chcon">
156 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
160 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
161 </indexterm>
162 </listitem>
163 </varlistentry>
164
165 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
166 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
170 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
171 </indexterm>
172 </listitem>
173 </varlistentry>
174
175 <varlistentry id="chmod">
176 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
177 <listitem>
178 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
179 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
180 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
182 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="chown">
188 <term><command>chown</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
191 directories</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
193 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="chroot">
199 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
202 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
204 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="cksum">
210 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
213 counts of each specified file</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
215 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="comm">
221 <term><command>comm</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
224 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
226 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="cp">
232 <term><command>cp</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Copies files</para>
235 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
236 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
237 </indexterm>
238 </listitem>
239 </varlistentry>
240
241 <varlistentry id="csplit">
242 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
243 <listitem>
244 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
245 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
246 count of each new file</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
248 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="cut">
254 <term><command>cut</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
257 fields or positions</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
259 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="date">
265 <term><command>date</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
268 system date</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
270 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="dd">
276 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
279 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
281 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="df">
287 <term><command>df</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
290 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
291 files</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
293 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="dir">
299 <term><command>dir</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
302 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
304 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
310 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
313 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
314 <command>ls</command></para>
315 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
316 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
317 </indexterm>
318 </listitem>
319 </varlistentry>
320
321 <varlistentry id="dirname">
322 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
326 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="du">
332 <term><command>du</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
335 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
336 each of the given files</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
338 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="echo">
344 <term><command>echo</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
348 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="env">
354 <term><command>env</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
358 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="expand">
364 <term><command>expand</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
368 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="expr">
374 <term><command>expr</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
378 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="factor">
384 <term><command>factor</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
388 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="false">
394 <term><command>false</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
397 indicating failure</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
399 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="fmt">
405 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
408 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
409 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
410 </indexterm>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413
414 <varlistentry id="fold">
415 <term><command>fold</command></term>
416 <listitem>
417 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
419 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="groups">
425 <term><command>groups</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
429 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="head">
435 <term><command>head</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
438 of each given file</para>
439 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
440 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
441 </indexterm>
442 </listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry id="hostid">
446 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
447 <listitem>
448 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
449 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
450 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
451 </indexterm>
452 </listitem>
453 </varlistentry>
454
455 <varlistentry id="hostname">
456 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
457 <listitem>
458 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
460 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="id">
466 <term><command>id</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
469 of the current user or specified user</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
471 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="install">
477 <term><command>install</command> </term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
480 possible, their owner and group</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
482 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="join">
488 <term><command>join</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
491 separate files</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
493 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="link">
499 <term><command>link</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
503 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="ln">
509 <term><command>ln</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
513 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="logname">
519 <term><command>logname</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
523 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="ls">
529 <term><command>ls</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
533 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
539 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
543 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
549 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
553 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
559 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
562 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
564 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="mknod">
570 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
573 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
575 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
581 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in
584 scripts</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
586 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="mv">
592 <term><command>mv</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
596 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="nice">
602 <term><command>nice</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
606 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="nl">
612 <term><command>nl</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
616 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="nohup">
622 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
625 a log file</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
627 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="od">
633 <term><command>od</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
637 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="paste">
643 <term><command>paste</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
646 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
648 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
654 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
658 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="pinky">
664 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
667 about the given users</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
669 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="pr">
675 <term><command>pr</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
679 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="printenv">
685 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Prints the environment</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
689 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="printf">
695 <term><command>printf</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
698 like the C printf function</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
700 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="ptx">
706 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
709 with each keyword in its context</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
711 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="pwd">
717 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
721 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="readlink">
727 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
731 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="rm">
737 <term><command>rm</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
741 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
747 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
751 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="runcon">
757 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
761 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="seq">
767 <term><command>seq</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
770 given increment</para>
771 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
772 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
773 </indexterm>
774 </listitem>
775 </varlistentry>
776
777 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
778 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
779 <listitem>
780 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
781 checksums</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
783 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
789 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints or checks SHA224 checksums</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
793 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
799 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Prints or checks SHA256 checksums</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
803 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
809 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Prints or checks SHA384 checksums</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
813 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
819 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Prints or checks SHA512 checksums</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
823 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="shred">
829 <term><command>shred</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
832 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
834 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="shuf">
840 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output or a file</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
844 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="sleep">
850 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
854 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="sort">
860 <term><command>sort</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
864 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="split">
870 <term><command>split</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
873 lines</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
875 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="stat">
881 <term><command>stat</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
885 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="stty">
891 <term><command>stty</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
895 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="sum">
901 <term><command>sum</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
905 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="sync">
911 <term><command>sync</command></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
914 and updates the super block</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
916 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="tac">
922 <term><command>tac</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
926 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="tail">
932 <term><command>tail</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
935 given file</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
937 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="tee">
943 <term><command>tee</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
946 and to the given files</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
948 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="test">
954 <term><command>test</command> or <command>[</command></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
958 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="touch">
964 <term><command>touch</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
967 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
968 are created with zero length</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
970 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="tr">
976 <term><command>tr</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
979 standard input</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
981 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="true">
987 <term><command>true</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
990 indicating success</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
992 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="tsort">
998 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1001 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1003 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="tty">
1009 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1012 input</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1014 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="uname">
1020 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Reports system information</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1024 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1030 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1034 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1040 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1044 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1050 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1054 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="users">
1060 <term><command>users</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1064 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1070 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1073 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1074 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1075 </indexterm>
1076 </listitem>
1077 </varlistentry>
1078
1079 <varlistentry id="wc">
1080 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1081 <listitem>
1082 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1083 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1085 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 <varlistentry id="who">
1091 <term><command>who</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1094 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1095 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1096 </indexterm>
1097 </listitem>
1098 </varlistentry>
1099
1100 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1101 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1102 <listitem>
1103 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1104 user ID</para>
1105 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1106 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1107 </indexterm>
1108 </listitem>
1109 </varlistentry>
1110
1111 <varlistentry id="yes">
1112 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1113 <listitem>
1114 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1115 killed</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1117 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 </variablelist>
1123
1124 </sect2>
1125
1126</sect1>
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