1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap"> |
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?> |
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10 | |
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11 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title> |
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12 | |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils"> |
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14 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary> |
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15 | </indexterm> |
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16 | |
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17 | <sect2 role="package"> |
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18 | <title/> |
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19 | |
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20 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other |
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21 | tools for handling object files.</para> |
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22 | |
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23 | </sect2> |
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24 | |
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25 | <sect2 role="installation"> |
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26 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title> |
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27 | |
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28 | <para os="b">Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the build |
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29 | environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a |
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30 | simple test:</para> |
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31 | |
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32 | <screen os="c" role="nodump"><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen> |
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33 | |
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34 | <para os="d">If the following message shows up, the environment is not |
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35 | set up for proper PTY operation:</para> |
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36 | |
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37 | <screen os="e"><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys. |
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38 | Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen> |
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39 | |
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40 | <para os="f">This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites |
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41 | for Binutils and GCC.</para> |
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42 | |
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43 | <para os="g">The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the |
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44 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para> |
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45 | |
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46 | <screen os="h"><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build |
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47 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen> |
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48 | |
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49 | <para os="i">Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para> |
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50 | |
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51 | <screen os="ca"><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \ |
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52 | --enable-shared</userinput></screen> |
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53 | |
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54 | <para os="j">Compile the package:</para> |
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55 | |
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56 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make configure-host</userinput></screen> |
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57 | |
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58 | <important os="l"> |
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59 | <para>During <command>make configure-host</command> you may receive the |
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60 | following error message. It is safe to ignore.</para> |
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61 | |
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62 | <screen><computeroutput>WARNING: `flex' is missing on your system. You should only |
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63 | need it if you modified a `.l' file. You may need the `Flex' |
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64 | package in order for those modifications to take effect. You |
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65 | can get `Flex' from any GNU archive site.</computeroutput></screen> |
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66 | </important> |
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67 | |
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68 | <screen os="m"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen> |
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69 | |
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70 | <variablelist os="n"> |
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71 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title> |
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72 | |
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73 | <varlistentry> |
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74 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term> |
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75 | <listitem> |
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76 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables |
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77 | will ultimately be located) is set to <filename |
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78 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. Because this |
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79 | is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename |
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80 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required.</para> |
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81 | </listitem> |
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82 | </varlistentry> |
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83 | </variablelist> |
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84 | |
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85 | <important os="o"> |
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86 | <para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical. |
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87 | Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para> |
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88 | </important> |
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89 | |
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90 | <para os="p">Test the results:</para> |
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91 | |
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92 | <screen os="q"><userinput>make check</userinput></screen> |
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93 | |
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94 | <para os="r">Install the package:</para> |
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95 | |
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96 | <screen os="s"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen> |
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97 | |
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98 | <para os="t">Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header |
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99 | file that is needed by some packages:</para> |
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100 | |
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101 | <screen os="u"><userinput>cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen> |
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102 | |
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103 | </sect2> |
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104 | |
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105 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content"> |
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106 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title> |
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107 | |
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108 | <segmentedlist> |
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109 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> |
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110 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> |
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111 | |
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112 | <seglistitem> |
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113 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, |
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114 | ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg> |
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115 | <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg> |
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116 | </seglistitem> |
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117 | </segmentedlist> |
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118 | |
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119 | <variablelist> |
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120 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> |
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121 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> |
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122 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> |
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123 | |
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124 | <varlistentry id="addr2line"> |
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125 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term> |
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126 | <listitem> |
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127 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers; |
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128 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging |
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129 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line |
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130 | number are associated with the address</para> |
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131 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line"> |
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132 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary> |
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133 | </indexterm> |
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134 | </listitem> |
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135 | </varlistentry> |
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136 | |
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137 | <varlistentry id="ar"> |
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138 | <term><command>ar</command></term> |
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139 | <listitem> |
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140 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para> |
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141 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar"> |
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142 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary> |
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143 | </indexterm> |
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144 | </listitem> |
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145 | </varlistentry> |
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146 | |
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147 | <varlistentry id="as"> |
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148 | <term><command>as</command></term> |
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149 | <listitem> |
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150 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command> |
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151 | into object files</para> |
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152 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"> |
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153 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary> |
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154 | </indexterm> |
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155 | </listitem> |
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156 | </varlistentry> |
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157 | |
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158 | <varlistentry id="c-filt"> |
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159 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term> |
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160 | <listitem> |
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161 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep |
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162 | overloaded functions from clashing</para> |
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163 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt"> |
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164 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary> |
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165 | </indexterm> |
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166 | </listitem> |
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167 | </varlistentry> |
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168 | |
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169 | <varlistentry id="gprof"> |
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170 | <term><command>gprof</command></term> |
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171 | <listitem> |
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172 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para> |
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173 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof"> |
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174 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary> |
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175 | </indexterm> |
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176 | </listitem> |
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177 | </varlistentry> |
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178 | |
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179 | <varlistentry id="ld"> |
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180 | <term><command>ld</command></term> |
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181 | <listitem> |
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182 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files |
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183 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol |
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184 | references</para> |
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185 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld"> |
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186 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary> |
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187 | </indexterm> |
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188 | </listitem> |
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189 | </varlistentry> |
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190 | |
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191 | <varlistentry id="nm"> |
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192 | <term><command>nm</command></term> |
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193 | <listitem> |
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194 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para> |
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195 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm"> |
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196 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary> |
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197 | </indexterm> |
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198 | </listitem> |
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199 | </varlistentry> |
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200 | |
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201 | <varlistentry id="objcopy"> |
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202 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term> |
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203 | <listitem> |
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204 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para> |
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205 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy"> |
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206 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary> |
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207 | </indexterm> |
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208 | </listitem> |
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209 | </varlistentry> |
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210 | |
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211 | <varlistentry id="objdump"> |
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212 | <term><command>objdump</command></term> |
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213 | <listitem> |
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214 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options |
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215 | controlling the particular information to display; the information |
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216 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation |
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217 | tools</para> |
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218 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump"> |
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219 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary> |
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220 | </indexterm> |
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221 | </listitem> |
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222 | </varlistentry> |
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223 | |
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224 | <varlistentry id="ranlib"> |
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225 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term> |
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226 | <listitem> |
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227 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it |
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228 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive |
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229 | members that are relocatable object files</para> |
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230 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib"> |
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231 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary> |
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232 | </indexterm> |
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233 | </listitem> |
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234 | </varlistentry> |
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235 | |
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236 | <varlistentry id="readelf"> |
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237 | <term><command>readelf</command></term> |
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238 | <listitem> |
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239 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para> |
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240 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf"> |
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241 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary> |
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242 | </indexterm> |
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243 | </listitem> |
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244 | </varlistentry> |
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245 | |
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246 | <varlistentry id="size"> |
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247 | <term><command>size</command></term> |
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248 | <listitem> |
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249 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given |
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250 | object files</para> |
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251 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size"> |
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252 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary> |
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253 | </indexterm> |
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254 | </listitem> |
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255 | </varlistentry> |
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256 | |
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257 | <varlistentry id="strings"> |
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258 | <term><command>strings</command></term> |
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259 | <listitem> |
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260 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable |
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261 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to |
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262 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from |
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263 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, |
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264 | it scans the entire file</para> |
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265 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings"> |
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266 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary> |
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267 | </indexterm> |
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268 | </listitem> |
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269 | </varlistentry> |
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270 | |
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271 | <varlistentry id="strip"> |
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272 | <term><command>strip</command></term> |
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273 | <listitem> |
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274 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para> |
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275 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip"> |
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276 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary> |
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277 | </indexterm> |
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278 | </listitem> |
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279 | </varlistentry> |
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280 | |
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281 | <varlistentry id="libiberty"> |
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282 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term> |
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283 | <listitem> |
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284 | <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including |
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285 | <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>, |
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286 | <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and |
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287 | <command>strtoul</command></para> |
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288 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty"> |
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289 | <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary> |
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290 | </indexterm> |
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291 | </listitem> |
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292 | </varlistentry> |
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293 | |
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294 | <varlistentry id="libbfd"> |
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295 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term> |
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296 | <listitem> |
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297 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para> |
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298 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd"> |
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299 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary> |
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300 | </indexterm> |
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301 | </listitem> |
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302 | </varlistentry> |
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303 | |
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304 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes"> |
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305 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term> |
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306 | <listitem> |
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307 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable |
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308 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor; |
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309 | it is used for building utilities like |
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310 | <command>objdump</command>.</para> |
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311 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes"> |
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312 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary> |
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313 | </indexterm> |
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314 | </listitem> |
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315 | </varlistentry> |
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316 | |
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317 | </variablelist> |
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318 | |
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319 | </sect2> |
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320 | |
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321 | </sect1> |
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