source: BOOK/final-system/common/binutils.xml@ cd317ff

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since cd317ff was 7150133, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 16 years ago

Updated Binutils to 2.19.1

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 11.7 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
21 tools for handling object files.</para>
22
23 </sect2>
24
25 <sect2 role="installation">
26 <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
27
28 <para os="b">Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the build
29 environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
30 simple test:</para>
31
32<screen os="c" role="nodump"><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
33
34 <para os="d">If the following message shows up, the environment is not
35 set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
36
37<screen os="e"><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
38Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
39
40 <para os="f">This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
41 for Binutils and GCC.</para>
42
43<!--
44 <para os="p1">The following patch contains a number of updates to the
45 &binutils-version; branch by the Binutils developers:</para>
46
47<screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-branch_update-patch;</userinput></screen>
48-->
49 <para os="g">The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
50 source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
51
52<screen os="h"><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
53cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
54
55 <para os="i">Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
56
57<screen os="ca"><userinput>CC="gcc -isystem /usr/include" \
58 LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link,/lib" \
59 ../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
60 --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
63
64<screen os="k"><userinput>make configure-host</userinput></screen>
65
66 <important os="l">
67 <para>During <command>make configure-host</command> you may receive the
68 following error message. It is safe to ignore.</para>
69
70<screen><computeroutput>WARNING: `flex' is missing on your system. You should only
71need it if you modified a `.l' file. You may need the `Flex'
72package in order for those modifications to take effect. You
73can get `Flex' from any GNU archive site.</computeroutput></screen>
74 </important>
75
76<screen os="m"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
77
78 <variablelist os="n">
79 <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
80
81 <varlistentry>
82 <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
83 <listitem>
84 <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables
85 will ultimately be located) is set to <filename
86 class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. Because this
87 is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
88 class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required.</para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91 </variablelist>
92
93 <important os="o">
94 <para>The test suite for Binutils is considered critical.
95 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
96 </important>
97
98 <para os="p">Test the results:</para>
99
100<screen os="q"><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
101
102 <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
103
104<screen os="s"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para os="t">Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header
107 file that is needed by some packages:</para>
108
109<screen os="u"><userinput>cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
110
111 </sect2>
112
113 <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
114 <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
115
116 <segmentedlist>
117 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
118 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
119
120 <seglistitem>
121 <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
122 ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
123 <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg>
124 </seglistitem>
125 </segmentedlist>
126
127 <variablelist>
128 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
129 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
130 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
131
132 <varlistentry id="addr2line">
133 <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
136 given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
137 information in the executable to determine which source file and line
138 number are associated with the address</para>
139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
140 <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
141 </indexterm>
142 </listitem>
143 </varlistentry>
144
145 <varlistentry id="ar">
146 <term><command>ar</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
150 <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
151 </indexterm>
152 </listitem>
153 </varlistentry>
154
155 <varlistentry id="as">
156 <term><command>as</command></term>
157 <listitem>
158 <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
159 into object files</para>
160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
161 <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
162 </indexterm>
163 </listitem>
164 </varlistentry>
165
166 <varlistentry id="c-filt">
167 <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
170 overloaded functions from clashing</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
172 <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry id="gprof">
178 <term><command>gprof</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
182 <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="ld">
188 <term><command>ld</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
191 into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
192 references</para>
193 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
194 <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
195 </indexterm>
196 </listitem>
197 </varlistentry>
198
199 <varlistentry id="nm">
200 <term><command>nm</command></term>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
204 <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="objcopy">
210 <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
213 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
214 <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
215 </indexterm>
216 </listitem>
217 </varlistentry>
218
219 <varlistentry id="objdump">
220 <term><command>objdump</command></term>
221 <listitem>
222 <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
223 controlling the particular information to display; the information
224 shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
225 tools</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
227 <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="ranlib">
233 <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
236 in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
237 members that are relocatable object files</para>
238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
239 <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
240 </indexterm>
241 </listitem>
242 </varlistentry>
243
244 <varlistentry id="readelf">
245 <term><command>readelf</command></term>
246 <listitem>
247 <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
249 <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="size">
255 <term><command>size</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
258 object files</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
260 <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="strings">
266 <term><command>strings</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
269 characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
270 four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
271 the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files,
272 it scans the entire file</para>
273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
274 <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
275 </indexterm>
276 </listitem>
277 </varlistentry>
278
279 <varlistentry id="strip">
280 <term><command>strip</command></term>
281 <listitem>
282 <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
283 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
284 <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
285 </indexterm>
286 </listitem>
287 </varlistentry>
288
289 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
290 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
291 <listitem>
292 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
293 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
294 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
295 <command>strtoul</command></para>
296 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty">
297 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
298 </indexterm>
299 </listitem>
300 </varlistentry>
301
302 <varlistentry id="libbfd">
303 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
304 <listitem>
305 <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
306 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
307 <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
308 </indexterm>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311
312 <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
313 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
314 <listitem>
315 <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
316 text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
317 it is used for building utilities like
318 <command>objdump</command>.</para>
319 <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
320 <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322 </listitem>
323 </varlistentry>
324
325 </variablelist>
326
327 </sect2>
328
329</sect1>
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