[3f8be484] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[aa18ac0] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[3f8be484] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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| 15 | </indexterm>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 18 | <title/>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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| 21 | tools for handling object files.</para>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | </sect2>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 26 | <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <para os="b">Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the build
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| 29 | environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
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| 30 | simple test:</para>
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| 31 |
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[0f3854e] | 32 | <screen os="c" role="nodump"><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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[3f8be484] | 33 |
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[9ecbe5a] | 34 | <para os="d">This command should give the following output:</para>
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[3f8be484] | 35 |
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[9ecbe5a] | 36 | <screen os="e"><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
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[3f8be484] | 37 |
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[9ecbe5a] | 38 | <para os="f">If, instead, it gives a message saying to create more ptys,
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| 39 | then the environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue
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| 40 | needs to be resolved before running the test suites for Binutils and GCC.</para>
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[3f8be484] | 41 |
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[e61fedb] | 42 | <!-- Branch update patch area
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[3e0fdeb] | 43 | <para os="p1">The following patch contains a number of updates to the
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| 44 | &binutils-version; branch by the Binutils developers:</para>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <screen os="p2"><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-branch_update-patch;</userinput></screen>
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[e61fedb] | 47 | -->
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[3e0fdeb] | 48 |
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[3f8be484] | 49 | <para os="g">The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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| 50 | source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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| 51 |
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[94e6142] | 52 | <screen os="h"><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
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[3f8be484] | 53 | cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <para os="i">Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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| 56 |
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[4173cd9] | 57 | <screen os="ca"><userinput>CC="gcc -isystem /usr/include" \
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[b6831b6] | 58 | LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib:/lib" \
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[40ce7b8] | 59 | ../binutils-&binutils-dir;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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[d2e3f96] | 60 | --enable-shared --enable-gold=yes --enable-plugins --enable-threads</userinput></screen>
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[3f8be484] | 61 |
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| 62 | <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
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| 63 |
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[e1bee3d4] | 64 | <screen os="k"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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[3f8be484] | 65 |
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[a57c9ae] | 66 | <!-- <important os="l">
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[e1bee3d4] | 67 | <para>During <command>make tooldir=/usr</command> you may receive the
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[3f8be484] | 68 | following error message. It is safe to ignore.</para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <screen><computeroutput>WARNING: `flex' is missing on your system. You should only
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| 71 | need it if you modified a `.l' file. You may need the `Flex'
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| 72 | package in order for those modifications to take effect. You
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| 73 | can get `Flex' from any GNU archive site.</computeroutput></screen>
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[a57c9ae] | 74 | </important> -->
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[3f8be484] | 75 |
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[44d357b] | 76 | <variablelist os="n">
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| 77 | <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <varlistentry>
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| 80 | <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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| 81 | <listitem>
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| 82 | <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables
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| 83 | will ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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| 84 | class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. Because this
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| 85 | is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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| 86 | class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required.</para>
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| 87 | </listitem>
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| 88 | </varlistentry>
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| 89 | </variablelist>
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[3f8be484] | 90 |
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| 91 | <important os="o">
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[d4469fc] | 92 | <para>Due to Binutils' critical role in a properly functioning system,
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| 93 | the CLFS developers strongly recommend running the testsuite.</para>
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[3f8be484] | 94 | </important>
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| 95 |
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[936dcb48] | 96 | <para os="p">Test the results:</para>
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[f54319a] | 97 |
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[686839b] | 98 | <screen os="q"><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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[f54319a] | 99 |
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[3f8be484] | 100 | <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <screen os="s"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | </sect2>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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| 107 | <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <segmentedlist>
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| 110 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 111 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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[61ad0b7f] | 112 | <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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[3f8be484] | 113 |
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| 114 | <seglistitem>
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[e4517330] | 115 | <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, elfedit, gprof, ld, ld.bfd, ld.gold,
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| 116 | nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, strip</seg>
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[f698055a] | 117 | <seg>libbfd.[a,so], libopcodes.[a,so]</seg>
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[61ad0b7f] | 118 | <seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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[3f8be484] | 119 | </seglistitem>
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| 120 | </segmentedlist>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <variablelist>
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| 123 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 124 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 125 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <varlistentry id="addr2line">
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| 128 | <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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| 129 | <listitem>
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| 130 | <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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| 131 | given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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| 132 | information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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| 133 | number are associated with the address</para>
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| 134 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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| 135 | <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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| 136 | </indexterm>
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| 137 | </listitem>
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| 138 | </varlistentry>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <varlistentry id="ar">
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| 141 | <term><command>ar</command></term>
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| 142 | <listitem>
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| 143 | <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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| 144 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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| 145 | <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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| 146 | </indexterm>
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| 147 | </listitem>
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| 148 | </varlistentry>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <varlistentry id="as">
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| 151 | <term><command>as</command></term>
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| 152 | <listitem>
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| 153 | <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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| 154 | into object files</para>
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| 155 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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| 156 | <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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| 157 | </indexterm>
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| 158 | </listitem>
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| 159 | </varlistentry>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <varlistentry id="c-filt">
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| 162 | <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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| 163 | <listitem>
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| 164 | <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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| 165 | overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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| 166 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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| 167 | <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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| 168 | </indexterm>
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| 169 | </listitem>
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| 170 | </varlistentry>
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| 171 |
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[2b220db9] | 172 | <varlistentry id="elfedit">
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| 173 | <term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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| 174 | <listitem>
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| 175 | <para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
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| 176 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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| 177 | <primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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| 178 | </indexterm>
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| 179 | </listitem>
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| 180 | </varlistentry>
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| 181 |
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[3f8be484] | 182 | <varlistentry id="gprof">
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| 183 | <term><command>gprof</command></term>
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| 184 | <listitem>
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| 185 | <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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| 186 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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| 187 | <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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| 188 | </indexterm>
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| 189 | </listitem>
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| 190 | </varlistentry>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | <varlistentry id="ld">
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| 193 | <term><command>ld</command></term>
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| 194 | <listitem>
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| 195 | <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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| 196 | into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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| 197 | references</para>
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| 198 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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| 199 | <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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| 200 | </indexterm>
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| 201 | </listitem>
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| 202 | </varlistentry>
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| 203 |
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[2b220db9] | 204 | <varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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| 205 | <term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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| 206 | <listitem>
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| 207 | <para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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| 208 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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| 209 | <primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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| 210 | </indexterm>
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| 211 | </listitem>
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| 212 | </varlistentry>
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| 213 |
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[e4517330] | 214 | <varlistentry id="ld.gold">
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| 215 | <term><command>ld.gold</command></term>
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| 216 | <listitem>
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| 217 | <para>A linker designed to be faster than <command>ld</command>,
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| 218 | especially for large C++ applications.</para>
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| 219 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.gold">
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| 220 | <primary sortas="b-ld.gold">ld.gold</primary>
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| 221 | </indexterm>
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| 222 | </listitem>
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| 223 | </varlistentry>
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| 224 |
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[3f8be484] | 225 | <varlistentry id="nm">
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| 226 | <term><command>nm</command></term>
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| 227 | <listitem>
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| 228 | <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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| 229 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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| 230 | <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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| 231 | </indexterm>
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| 232 | </listitem>
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| 233 | </varlistentry>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <varlistentry id="objcopy">
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| 236 | <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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| 237 | <listitem>
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| 238 | <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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| 239 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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| 240 | <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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| 241 | </indexterm>
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| 242 | </listitem>
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| 243 | </varlistentry>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <varlistentry id="objdump">
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| 246 | <term><command>objdump</command></term>
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| 247 | <listitem>
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| 248 | <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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| 249 | controlling the particular information to display; the information
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| 250 | shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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| 251 | tools</para>
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| 252 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
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| 253 | <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
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| 254 | </indexterm>
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| 255 | </listitem>
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| 256 | </varlistentry>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <varlistentry id="ranlib">
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| 259 | <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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| 260 | <listitem>
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| 261 | <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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| 262 | in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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| 263 | members that are relocatable object files</para>
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| 264 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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| 265 | <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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| 266 | </indexterm>
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| 267 | </listitem>
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| 268 | </varlistentry>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <varlistentry id="readelf">
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| 271 | <term><command>readelf</command></term>
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| 272 | <listitem>
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| 273 | <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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| 274 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
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| 275 | <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
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| 276 | </indexterm>
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| 277 | </listitem>
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| 278 | </varlistentry>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <varlistentry id="size">
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| 281 | <term><command>size</command></term>
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| 282 | <listitem>
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| 283 | <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
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| 284 | object files</para>
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| 285 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
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| 286 | <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
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| 287 | </indexterm>
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| 288 | </listitem>
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| 289 | </varlistentry>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <varlistentry id="strings">
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| 292 | <term><command>strings</command></term>
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| 293 | <listitem>
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| 294 | <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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| 295 | characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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| 296 | four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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| 297 | the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files,
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| 298 | it scans the entire file</para>
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| 299 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
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| 300 | <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
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| 301 | </indexterm>
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| 302 | </listitem>
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| 303 | </varlistentry>
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| 304 |
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| 305 | <varlistentry id="strip">
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| 306 | <term><command>strip</command></term>
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| 307 | <listitem>
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| 308 | <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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| 309 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
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| 310 | <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
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| 311 | </indexterm>
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| 312 | </listitem>
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| 313 | </varlistentry>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <varlistentry id="libbfd">
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| 316 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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| 317 | <listitem>
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| 318 | <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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| 319 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
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| 320 | <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
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| 321 | </indexterm>
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| 322 | </listitem>
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| 323 | </varlistentry>
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| 324 |
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| 325 | <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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| 326 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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| 327 | <listitem>
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| 328 | <para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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| 329 | text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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| 330 | it is used for building utilities like
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| 331 | <command>objdump</command>.</para>
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| 332 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
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| 333 | <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
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| 334 | </indexterm>
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| 335 | </listitem>
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| 336 | </varlistentry>
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| 337 |
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| 338 | </variablelist>
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| 339 |
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| 340 | </sect2>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | </sect1>
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