source: BOOK/final-system/common/binutils.xml @ 045e44a

clfs-1.2clfs-2.1clfs-3.0.0-systemdclfs-3.0.0-sysvinitsystemdsysvinit
Last change on this file since 045e44a was 121c48a, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 18 years ago

r3873@server (orig r1745): chris | 2006-06-08 22:38:41 -0700
Minor text fixes

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File size: 11.4 KB
RevLine 
[3f8be484]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
10
11  <title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
14    <primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
20    <para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
21    tools for handling object files.</para>
22
23  </sect2>
24
25  <sect2 role="installation">
26    <title>Installation of Binutils</title>
27
28    <para os="b">Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the build
29    environment. Check that everything is set up correctly by performing a
30    simple test:</para>
31
[0f3854e]32<screen os="c" role="nodump"><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]33
34    <para os="d">If the following message shows up, the environment is not
35    set up for proper PTY operation:</para>
36
37<screen os="e"><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
38Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
39
40    <para os="f">This issue needs to be resolved before running the test suites
41    for Binutils and GCC.</para>
42
43    <para os="g">The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
44    source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
45
[94e6142]46<screen os="h"><userinput>mkdir -v ../binutils-build
[3f8be484]47cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
48
49    <para os="i">Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
50
[ed8de1a]51<screen os="ca"><userinput>../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
[3f8be484]52    --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
53
54    <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
55
56<screen os="k"><userinput>make configure-host</userinput></screen>
57
58    <important os="l">
59      <para>During <command>make configure-host</command> you may receive the
60      following error message. It is safe to ignore.</para>
61
62<screen><computeroutput>WARNING: `flex' is missing on your system. You should only
63need it if you modified a `.l' file. You may need the `Flex'
64package in order for those modifications to take effect. You
65can get `Flex' from any GNU archive site.</computeroutput></screen>
66    </important>
67
68<screen os="m"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
69
[44d357b]70    <variablelist os="n">
71      <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
72
73      <varlistentry>
74        <term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
75        <listitem>
76          <para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables
77          will ultimately be located) is set to <filename
78          class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. Because this
79          is a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
80          class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required.</para>
81        </listitem>
82      </varlistentry>
83    </variablelist>
[3f8be484]84
85    <important os="o">
[121c48a]86      <para>The test suite for Binutils is considered critical.
87      Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
[3f8be484]88    </important>
89
90    <para os="p">Test the results:</para>
91
92<screen os="q"><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
93
94    <para os="r">Install the package:</para>
95
96<screen os="s"><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
97
98    <para os="t">Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header
99    file that is needed by some packages:</para>
100
[94e6142]101<screen os="u"><userinput>cp -v ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen>
[3f8be484]102
103  </sect2>
104
105  <sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
106    <title>Contents of Binutils</title>
107
108    <segmentedlist>
109      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
110      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
111
112      <seglistitem>
113        <seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump,
114        ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
115        <seg>libiberty.a, libbfd.[a,so], and libopcodes.[a,so]</seg>
116      </seglistitem>
117    </segmentedlist>
118
119    <variablelist>
120      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
121      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
122      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
123
124      <varlistentry id="addr2line">
125        <term><command>addr2line</command></term>
126        <listitem>
127          <para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
128          given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
129          information in the executable to determine which source file and line
130          number are associated with the address</para>
131          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
132            <primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
133          </indexterm>
134        </listitem>
135      </varlistentry>
136
137      <varlistentry id="ar">
138        <term><command>ar</command></term>
139        <listitem>
140          <para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
141          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
142            <primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
143          </indexterm>
144        </listitem>
145      </varlistentry>
146
147      <varlistentry id="as">
148        <term><command>as</command></term>
149        <listitem>
150          <para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
151          into object files</para>
152          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
153            <primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
154          </indexterm>
155        </listitem>
156      </varlistentry>
157
158      <varlistentry id="c-filt">
159        <term><command>c++filt</command></term>
160        <listitem>
161          <para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
162          overloaded functions from clashing</para>
163          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
164            <primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
165          </indexterm>
166        </listitem>
167      </varlistentry>
168
169      <varlistentry id="gprof">
170        <term><command>gprof</command></term>
171        <listitem>
172          <para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
173          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
174            <primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
175          </indexterm>
176        </listitem>
177      </varlistentry>
178
179      <varlistentry id="ld">
180        <term><command>ld</command></term>
181        <listitem>
182          <para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
183          into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
184          references</para>
185          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
186            <primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
187          </indexterm>
188        </listitem>
189      </varlistentry>
190
191      <varlistentry id="nm">
192        <term><command>nm</command></term>
193        <listitem>
194          <para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
195          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
196            <primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
197          </indexterm>
198        </listitem>
199      </varlistentry>
200
201      <varlistentry id="objcopy">
202        <term><command>objcopy</command></term>
203        <listitem>
204          <para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
205          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
206            <primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
207          </indexterm>
208        </listitem>
209      </varlistentry>
210
211      <varlistentry id="objdump">
212        <term><command>objdump</command></term>
213        <listitem>
214          <para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
215          controlling the particular information to display; the information
216          shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
217          tools</para>
218          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
219            <primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
220          </indexterm>
221        </listitem>
222      </varlistentry>
223
224      <varlistentry id="ranlib">
225        <term><command>ranlib</command></term>
226        <listitem>
227          <para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
228          in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
229          members that are relocatable object files</para>
230          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
231            <primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
232          </indexterm>
233        </listitem>
234      </varlistentry>
235
236      <varlistentry id="readelf">
237        <term><command>readelf</command></term>
238        <listitem>
239          <para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
240          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
241            <primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
242          </indexterm>
243        </listitem>
244      </varlistentry>
245
246      <varlistentry id="size">
247        <term><command>size</command></term>
248        <listitem>
249          <para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
250          object files</para>
251          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
252            <primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
253          </indexterm>
254        </listitem>
255      </varlistentry>
256
257      <varlistentry id="strings">
258        <term><command>strings</command></term>
259        <listitem>
260          <para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
261          characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
262          four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
263          the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files,
264          it scans the entire file</para>
265          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
266            <primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
267          </indexterm>
268        </listitem>
269      </varlistentry>
270
271      <varlistentry id="strip">
272        <term><command>strip</command></term>
273        <listitem>
274          <para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
275          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
276            <primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
277          </indexterm>
278        </listitem>
279      </varlistentry>
280
281      <varlistentry id="libiberty">
282        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
283        <listitem>
284          <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
285          <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
286          <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
287          <command>strtoul</command></para>
288          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libiberty">
289            <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
290          </indexterm>
291        </listitem>
292      </varlistentry>
293
294      <varlistentry id="libbfd">
295        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
296        <listitem>
297          <para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
298          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
299            <primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
300          </indexterm>
301        </listitem>
302      </varlistentry>
303
304      <varlistentry id="libopcodes">
305        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
306        <listitem>
307          <para>A library for dealing with opcodes&mdash;the <quote>readable
308          text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
309          it is used for building utilities like
310          <command>objdump</command>.</para>
311          <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
312            <primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
313          </indexterm>
314        </listitem>
315      </varlistentry>
316
317    </variablelist>
318
319  </sect2>
320
321</sect1>
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