source: BOOK/final-preps/settingenviron.xml @ 1a24f05

clfs-3.0.0-systemdsystemd
Last change on this file since 1a24f05 was 1a24f05, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 10 years ago

Replaced separate Build CFLAGS page with unset commands added to clfs user's .bashrc

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File size: 4.8 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-final-preps-settingenviron">
9  <?dbhtml filename="settingenvironment.html"?>
10
11  <title>Setting Up the Environment</title>
12
13  <para os="a">Set up a good working environment by creating two new startup
14  files for the <command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as user
15  <systemitem class="username">clfs</systemitem>, issue the following
16  command to create a new <filename>.bash_profile</filename>:</para>
17
18<screen os="b"><userinput>cat &gt; ~/.bash_profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
19<literal>exec env -i HOME=${HOME} TERM=${TERM} PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash</literal>
20EOF</userinput></screen>
21
22  <para os="c">When logged on as user <systemitem class="username">clfs</systemitem>,
23  the initial shell is usually a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which
24  reads the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably
25  containing some settings and environment variables) and then
26  <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The
27  <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> command in the
28  <filename>.bash_profile</filename> file replaces the running shell with
29  a new one with a completely empty environment, except for the
30  <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and <envar>PS1</envar> variables.
31  This ensures that no unwanted and potentially hazardous environment
32  variables from the host system leak into the build environment. The
33  technique used here achieves the goal of ensuring a clean environment.</para>
34
35  <para os="d">The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis>
36  shell, which does not read the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or
37  <filename>.bash_profile</filename> files, but rather reads the
38  <filename>.bashrc</filename> file instead. Create the
39  <filename>.bashrc</filename> file now:</para>
40
41<screen os="e"><userinput>cat &gt; ~/.bashrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
42<literal>set +h
43umask 022
44CLFS=/mnt/clfs
45LC_ALL=POSIX
46PATH=/cross-tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
47export CLFS LC_ALL PATH
48unset CFLAGS
49unset CXXFLAGS</literal>
50EOF</userinput></screen>
51
52  <para os="f">The <command>set +h</command> command turns off
53  <command>bash</command>'s hash function. Hashing is ordinarily a useful
54  feature&mdash;<command>bash</command> uses a hash table to remember the
55  full path of executable files to avoid searching the <envar>PATH</envar>
56  time and again to find the same executable. However, the new tools should
57  be used as soon as they are installed. By switching off the hash function,
58  the shell will always search the <envar>PATH</envar> when a program is to
59  be run. As such, the shell will find the newly compiled tools in
60  <filename class="directory">/cross-tools</filename> as soon as they are
61  available without remembering a previous version of the same program in a
62  different location.</para>
63
64  <para os="g">Setting the user file-creation mask (umask) to 022 ensures that
65  newly created files and directories are only writable by their owner,
66  but are readable and executable by anyone (assuming default modes are
67  used by the open(2) system call, new files will end up with permission
68  mode 644 and directories with mode 755).</para>
69
70  <para os="h">The <envar>CLFS</envar> variable should be set to the
71  chosen mount point.</para>
72
73  <para os="i">The <envar>LC_ALL</envar> variable controls the localization
74  of certain programs, making their messages follow the conventions of a
75  specified country.  If the host system uses a version of Glibc older
76  than 2.2.4, having <envar>LC_ALL</envar> set to something other than
77  <quote>POSIX</quote> or <quote>C</quote> (during this chapter) may cause
78  issues if you exit the chroot environment and wish to return later.
79  Setting <envar>LC_ALL</envar> to <quote>POSIX</quote> or <quote>C</quote>
80  (the two are equivalent) ensures that everything will work as expected in
81  the chroot environment.</para>
82
83  <para os="j">By putting <filename class="directory">/cross-tools/bin</filename>
84  at the beginning of the <envar>PATH</envar>, the cross-compiler
85  built in <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> will be picked up by
86  the build process for the temp-system packages before anything that
87  may be installed on the host. This, combined with turning off
88  hashing, helps to ensure that you will be using the cross-compile
89  tools to build the temp-system in /tools.</para>
90
91  <para os="k">The <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar> should
92  not be set while building the temporary system, so we unset them.</para>
93
94  <para os="l">Finally, to have the environment fully prepared for building the
95  temporary tools, source the just-created user profile:</para>
96
97<screen os="m"><userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
98
99</sect1>
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