1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> |
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10 | |
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11 | <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title> |
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12 | |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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14 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary> |
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15 | </indexterm> |
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16 | |
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17 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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18 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary> |
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19 | </indexterm> |
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20 | |
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21 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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22 | <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary> |
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23 | </indexterm> |
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24 | |
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25 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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26 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary> |
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27 | </indexterm> |
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28 | |
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29 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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30 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary> |
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31 | </indexterm> |
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32 | |
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33 | <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup"> |
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34 | <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary> |
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35 | </indexterm> |
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36 | |
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37 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" |
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38 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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39 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/> |
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40 | |
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41 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the |
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42 | following command:</para> |
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43 | |
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44 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" |
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45 | <literal>root:x:&uid-root;:&gid-root;:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal> |
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46 | <literal>messagebus:x:&uid-messagebus;:&gid-messagebus;:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal> |
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47 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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48 | |
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49 | <para os="b">The actual password for |
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50 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> (the <quote>x</quote> |
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51 | used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para> |
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52 | |
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53 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" |
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54 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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55 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/> |
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56 | |
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57 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the |
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58 | following command:</para> |
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59 | |
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60 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF" |
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61 | <literal>root:x:0: |
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62 | bin:x:&gid-bin;: |
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63 | sys:x:&gid-sys;: |
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64 | kmem:x:&gid-kmem;: |
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65 | tty:x:&gid-tty;: |
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66 | tape:x:&gid-tape;: |
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67 | daemon:x:&gid-daemon;: |
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68 | floppy:x:&gid-floppy;: |
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69 | disk:x:&gid-disk;: |
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70 | lp:x:&gid-lp;: |
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71 | dialout:x:&gid-dialout;: |
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72 | audio:x:&gid-audio;: |
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73 | video:x:&gid-video;: |
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74 | utmp:x:&gid-utmp;: |
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75 | usb:x:&gid-usb;: |
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76 | cdrom:x:&gid-cdrom;: |
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77 | messagebus:x:&gid-messagebus;: |
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78 | systemd-journal:x:&gid-systemd-journal;</literal> |
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79 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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80 | |
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81 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" |
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82 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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83 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/> |
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84 | |
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85 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" |
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86 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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87 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/> |
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88 | |
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89 | <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a |
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90 | new shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref |
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91 | linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> |
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92 | and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name |
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93 | and group name resolution will now work.</para> |
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94 | |
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95 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> |
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96 | |
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97 | <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells |
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98 | <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this |
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99 | directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it |
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100 | has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as |
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101 | they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used |
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102 | for the duration of the next chapters.</para> |
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103 | |
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104 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" |
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105 | href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml" |
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106 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/> |
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107 | |
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108 | <screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} |
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109 | chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog |
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110 | chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog |
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111 | chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput></screen> |
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112 | |
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113 | <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that |
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114 | are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records |
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115 | all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file |
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116 | records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> |
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117 | file records the bad login attempts.</para> |
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118 | |
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119 | </sect1> |
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