source: BOOK/chroot/common/pwdgroup.xml@ de3d632

clfs-1.2 clfs-2.1 clfs-3.0.0-systemd clfs-3.0.0-sysvinit systemd sysvinit
Last change on this file since de3d632 was 3f8be484, checked in by Jim Gifford <clfs@…>, 19 years ago

r627@server (orig r625): jim | 2005-10-31 12:59:34 -0800
Import of Cross-LFS Book

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
9 <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>
10
11 <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
14 <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
18 <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary>
19 </indexterm>
20
21 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
22 <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary>
23 </indexterm>
24
25 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
26 <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary>
27 </indexterm>
28
29 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
30 <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary>
31 </indexterm>
32
33 <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
34 <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary>
35 </indexterm>
36
37 <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
38 be able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized,
39 there must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
40 and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
41
42 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the
43 following command:</para>
44
45<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
46<literal>root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
47bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false
48daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/false
49adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/false
50sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
51shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
52halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
53lp:x:10:18:lp:/var/spool/lp:/bin/false
54mail:x:30:30:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
55news:x:31:31:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false
56uucp:x:32:32:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/false
57operator:x:50:0:operator:/root:/bin/bash
58postmaster:x:51:30:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
59nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/:/bin/false</literal>
60EOF</userinput></screen>
61
62 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
63 href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
64 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
65
66 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the
67 following command:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
70<literal>root::0:root
71bin::1:root,bin,daemon
72daemon::2:root,bin,daemon
73sys::3:root,bin,adm
74adm::4:root,adm,daemon
75kmem::5:
76tty::10:
77video::11:root
78console::12:
79disk::13:root,adm
80floppy::14:root
81cdrom::15:
82cdrw::16:
83tape::17:root
84lp::18:lp
85usb::19:
86audio::20:
87dialout::21:root
88mail::30:mail
89news::31:news
90uucp::32:uucp
91users::100:
92nogroup::65533:
93nobody::65534:</literal>
94EOF</userinput></screen>
95
96 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
97 href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
98 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
99
100 <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a
101 new shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref
102 linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
103 and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name
104 and group name resolution will now work.</para>
105
106<screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
107
108 <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
109 <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
110 directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it
111 has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as
112 they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used
113 for the duration of the nexts chapters.</para>
114
115 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
116 href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
117 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
118
119<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
120chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
121chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
122chmod 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that
125 are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records
126 all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file
127 records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>
128 file records the bad login attempts.</para>
129
130</sect1>
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