source: BOOK/chroot/common/pwdgroup.xml@ ddd9fa5

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;
]>

<sect1 id="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
  <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>

  <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <indexterm zone="ch-chroot-pwdgroup">
    <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
  
  <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the
  following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:&uid-root;:&gid-root;:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

  <para os="b">The actual password for
  <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> (the <quote>x</quote>
  used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>

  <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the
  following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:&gid-bin;:
sys:x:&gid-sys;:
kmem:x:&gid-kmem;:
tty:x:&gid-tty;:
tape:x:&gid-tape;:
daemon:x:&gid-daemon;:
floppy:x:&gid-floppy;:
disk:x:&gid-disk;:
lp:x:&gid-lp;:
dialout:x:&gid-dialout;:
audio:x:&gid-audio;:
video:x:&gid-video;:
utmp:x:&gid-utmp;:
usb:x:&gid-usb;:
cdrom:x:&gid-cdrom;:</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>

  <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a
  new shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref
  linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
  and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name
  and group name resolution will now work.</para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>

  <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells
  <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this
  directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it
  has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as
  they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used
  for the duration of the next chapters.</para>

  <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
  href="../../boot/common/pwdgroup.xml"
  xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>

<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput></screen>

  <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that
  are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records
  all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file
  records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename>
  file records the bad login attempts.</para>

</sect1>