1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-locale"> |
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9 | <title>Setting Up Locale Information</title> |
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10 | <?dbhtml filename="locale.html"?> |
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11 | |
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12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-locale"> |
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13 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/locale.conf">/etc/locale.conf</primary> |
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14 | </indexterm> |
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15 | |
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16 | <para>The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> below sets some environment |
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17 | variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly |
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18 | results in:</para> |
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19 | |
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20 | <itemizedlist> |
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21 | <listitem> |
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22 | <para>The output of programs translated into the native language</para> |
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23 | </listitem> |
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24 | <listitem> |
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25 | <para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other |
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26 | classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept |
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27 | non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales</para> |
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28 | </listitem> |
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29 | <listitem> |
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30 | <para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country</para> |
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31 | </listitem> |
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32 | <listitem> |
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33 | <para>Appropriate default paper size</para> |
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34 | </listitem> |
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35 | <listitem> |
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36 | <para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para> |
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37 | </listitem> |
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38 | </itemizedlist> |
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39 | |
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40 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the |
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41 | two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and |
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42 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the |
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43 | appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote> or <quote>US</quote>). |
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44 | <replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the |
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45 | canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional modifiers such as |
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46 | <quote>@euro</quote> may also be present.</para> |
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47 | |
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48 | <para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running |
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49 | the following command:</para> |
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50 | |
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51 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen> |
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52 | |
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53 | <para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> |
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54 | is also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>. |
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55 | Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is |
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56 | safest to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine |
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57 | the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>[locale |
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58 | name]</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for |
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59 | your preferred locale (<quote>en_US.utf8</quote> in our example).</para> |
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60 | |
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61 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen> |
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62 | |
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63 | <para>For the <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> locale, the above command |
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64 | will print:</para> |
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65 | |
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66 | <screen><computeroutput>UTF-8</computeroutput></screen> |
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67 | |
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68 | <para>This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_US.UTF-8</quote>. |
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69 | It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested |
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70 | prior to it being added to <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>:</para> |
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71 | |
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72 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=[locale name] locale territory |
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73 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale language |
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74 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap |
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75 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_curr_symbol |
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76 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_prefix</userinput></screen> |
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77 | |
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78 | <para>The above commands should print the language name, the character |
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79 | encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial |
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80 | before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the |
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81 | commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means |
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82 | that your locale was either not installed in Chapter 10 or is not supported by |
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83 | the default installation of Glibc.</para> |
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84 | |
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85 | <screen><computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput></screen> |
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86 | |
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87 | <para>If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using |
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88 | the <command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different |
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89 | locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages |
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90 | from Glibc.</para> |
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91 | |
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92 | <para>Some packages beyond CLFS may also lack support for your chosen locale. |
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93 | One example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs |
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94 | the following error message:</para> |
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95 | |
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96 | <screen><computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput></screen> |
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97 | |
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98 | <para>Sometimes it is possible to fix this by removing the charmap part of |
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99 | the locale specification, as long as that does not change the character map |
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100 | that Glibc associates with the locale (this can be checked by running the |
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101 | <command>locale charmap</command> command in both locales). For example, |
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102 | one would have to change "de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro" to |
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103 | "de_DE@euro" in order to get this locale recognized by Xlib.</para> |
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104 | |
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105 | <para>Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily |
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106 | display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their |
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107 | expectations. In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions |
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108 | support your locale might provide some useful information.</para> |
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109 | |
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110 | <para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the |
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111 | <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file:</para> |
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112 | |
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113 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF" |
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114 | <literal># Begin /etc/locale.conf |
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115 | |
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116 | LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable><replaceable>[@modifiers]</replaceable> |
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117 | |
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118 | # End /etc/locale.conf</literal> |
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119 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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120 | |
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121 | <para>Note that you can modify <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> with |
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122 | Systemd <command>localectl</command> utility. To use |
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123 | <command>localectl</command> for the example above, run:</para> |
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124 | |
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125 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-locale LANG="<replaceable>[ll]_[CC][charmap][@modifiers]</replaceable>"</userinput></screen> |
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126 | |
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127 | <para>You can also specify other language specific environment variables such |
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128 | as <envar>LANG</envar>, <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_NUMERIC</envar> or |
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129 | any other environment variable from <command>locale</command> output. Just |
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130 | separate them with a space. An example where <envar>LANG</envar> is set as |
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131 | en_US.UTF-8 but <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> is set as just en_US is:</para> |
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132 | |
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133 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LC_CTYPE="en_US"</userinput></screen> |
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134 | |
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135 | <note><para>Please note that <command>localectl</command> command can |
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136 | be used only on a system booted with Systemd.</para></note> |
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137 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and locale-related |
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138 | environment variables are the only internationalization steps needed to |
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139 | support locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right |
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140 | writing direction. UTF-8 has been tested on the English, French, German, |
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141 | Italian, and Spanish locales. All other locales are untested. If you discover |
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142 | issues with any other locale please open a ticket in our Trac system.</para> |
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143 | |
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144 | <para>Some locales need additional programs and support. CLFS will not be |
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145 | supporting these locales in the book. We welcome the support for these other |
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146 | locales via <ulink url="&cblfs-root;"/>.</para> |
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147 | |
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148 | </sect1> |
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