[73e1db21] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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| 5 | %general-entities; |
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| 6 | ]> |
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| 7 | |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-scripts-locale"> |
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| 9 | <title>Setting Up Locale Information</title> |
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| 10 | <?dbhtml filename="locale.html"?> |
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| 11 | |
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| 12 | <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-locale"> |
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[2164942] | 13 | <primary sortas="e-/etc/locale.conf">/etc/locale.conf</primary> |
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[73e1db21] | 14 | </indexterm> |
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| 15 | |
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[2164942] | 16 | <para>The file <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file configures |
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| 17 | system-wide locale settings. The basic file format of locale.conf is a |
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| 18 | newline-separated list of variable assignments. It is possible to source this |
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| 19 | configuration file from shell scripts, but it should never contain any shell |
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| 20 | script features beyond variable assignments. The |
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| 21 | <filename>locale.conf</filename> man page contains information about the |
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| 22 | function of this file. Setting up this file properly results in:</para> |
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[73e1db21] | 23 | |
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| 24 | <itemizedlist> |
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| 25 | <listitem> |
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| 26 | <para>The output of programs translated into the native language</para> |
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| 27 | </listitem> |
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| 28 | <listitem> |
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| 29 | <para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and |
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| 30 | other classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to |
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| 31 | properly accept non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English |
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| 32 | locales</para> |
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| 33 | </listitem> |
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| 34 | <listitem> |
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| 35 | <para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country</para> |
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| 36 | </listitem> |
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| 37 | <listitem> |
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| 38 | <para>Appropriate default paper size</para> |
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| 39 | </listitem> |
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| 40 | <listitem> |
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| 41 | <para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para> |
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| 42 | </listitem> |
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| 43 | </itemizedlist> |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> below with the |
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| 46 | two-letter code for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and |
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| 47 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the |
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[2164942] | 48 | appropriate country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote> or <quote>US</quote>). |
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[73e1db21] | 49 | <replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> should be replaced with the |
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| 50 | canonical charmap for your chosen locale.</para> |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | <para>The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running |
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| 53 | the following command:</para> |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen> |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | <para>Locales can have a number of synonyms, e.g. <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> |
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| 58 | is also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>. |
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| 59 | Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly, so it is |
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| 60 | safest to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine |
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| 61 | the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>[locale |
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| 62 | name]</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for |
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| 63 | your preferred locale (<quote>en_US.utf8</quote> in our example).</para> |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>[locale name]</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput></screen> |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | <para>For the <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> locale, the above command |
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| 68 | will print:</para> |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | <screen><computeroutput>UTF-8</computeroutput></screen> |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | <para>This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_US.UTF-8</quote>. |
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| 73 | It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested prior |
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[2164942] | 74 | to it being added to <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>:</para> |
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[73e1db21] | 75 | |
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| 76 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>LC_ALL=[locale name] locale country |
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| 77 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale language |
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| 78 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale charmap |
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| 79 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_curr_symbol |
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| 80 | LC_ALL=[locale name] locale int_prefix</userinput></screen> |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | <para>The above commands should print the language name, the character |
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| 83 | encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial |
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| 84 | before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the |
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| 85 | commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means |
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| 86 | that your locale was either not installed in Chapter 10 or is not supported by |
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| 87 | the default installation of Glibc.</para> |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | <screen><computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput></screen> |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | <para>If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using |
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| 92 | the <command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different |
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| 93 | locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages |
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| 94 | from Glibc.</para> |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | <para>Some packages beyond CLFS may also lack support for your chosen locale. |
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| 97 | One example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs |
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| 98 | the following error message:</para> |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | <screen><computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput></screen> |
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| 101 | |
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| 102 | <para>Sometimes it is possible to fix this by removing the charmap part of |
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| 103 | the locale specification, as long as that does not change the character map |
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| 104 | that Glibc associates with the locale (this can be checked by running the |
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| 105 | <command>locale charmap</command> command in both locales). For example, |
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| 106 | one would have to change "de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro" to |
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| 107 | "de_DE@euro" in order to get this locale recognized by Xlib.</para> |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | <para>Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily |
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| 110 | display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their expectations. |
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| 111 | In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions support your locale |
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| 112 | might provide some useful information.</para> |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | <para>Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the |
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[2164942] | 115 | <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file:</para> |
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[73e1db21] | 116 | |
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[2164942] | 117 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF" |
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| 118 | <literal># Begin /etc/locale.conf |
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[73e1db21] | 119 | |
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[2164942] | 120 | LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>.<replaceable>[charmap]</replaceable> |
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[73e1db21] | 121 | |
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[2164942] | 122 | # End /etc/locale.conf</literal> |
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[73e1db21] | 123 | EOF</userinput></screen> |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | <para>Setting the keyboard layout, screen font, and locale-related |
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| 126 | environment variables are the only internationalization steps needed to |
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| 127 | support locales that use ordinary single-byte encodings and left-to-right |
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[9c06d27e] | 128 | writing direction. UTF-8 has been tested on the English, French, German, |
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[73e1db21] | 129 | Italian, and Spanish locales. All other locales are untested. If you discover |
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[9c06d27e] | 130 | issues with any other locale please open a ticket in our Trac system.</para> |
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[73e1db21] | 131 | |
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[9c06d27e] | 132 | <para>Some locales need additional programs and support. CLFS will not be |
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| 133 | supporting these locales in the book. We welcome the support for these other |
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| 134 | locales via <ulink url="&cblfs-root;"/>.</para> |
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[73e1db21] | 135 | |
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| 136 | </sect1> |
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