source: BOOK/boot/common/pwdgroup.xml@ c832708

systemd
Last change on this file since c832708 was 24b004c, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 11 years ago

Remove end-of-line spaces

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 5.7 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
9 <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?>
10
11 <title>Creating the passwd and group Files</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
14 <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
15 <secondary>boot</secondary>
16 </indexterm>
17
18 <indexterm zone="ch-boot-pwdgroup">
19 <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary>
20 <secondary>boot</secondary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <para os="a">In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to
24 be able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized,
25 there must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
26 and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para>
27
28 <para>Create the <filename>${CLFS}/etc/passwd</filename> file by running
29 the following command:</para>
30
31<screen><userinput>cat &gt; ${CLFS}/etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
32<literal>root::&uid-root;:&gid-root;:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal>
33<literal>bin:x:&uid-bin;:&gid-bin;:/bin:/bin/false</literal>
34<literal>daemon:x:&uid-daemon;:&gid-daemon;:/sbin:/bin/false</literal>
35<literal>messagebus:x:&uid-messagebus;:&gid-messagebus;:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>
36<literal>nobody:x:&uid-nobody;:&gid-nogroup;:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>
37EOF</userinput></screen>
38
39 <para os="b">The actual password for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
40 (the <quote>::</quote> used here is just a placeholder and allows you to login
41 with no password) will be set later.</para>
42
43 <variablelist os="c">
44
45 <title>Additional users you may want to add if not already included:</title>
46
47 <varlistentry>
48 <term><literal>adm:x:&uid-adm;:&gid-adm;:adm:/var/adm:/bin/false</literal></term>
49 <listitem>
50 <para>Was used for programs that performed administrative tasks.</para>
51 </listitem>
52 </varlistentry>
53 <varlistentry>
54 <term><literal>lp:x:&uid-lp;:&gid-lp;:lp:/var/spool/lp:/bin/false</literal></term>
55 <listitem>
56 <para>Used by programs for printing</para>
57 </listitem>
58 </varlistentry>
59 <varlistentry>
60 <term><literal>mail:x:&uid-mail;:&gid-mail;:mail:/var/mail:/bin/false</literal></term>
61 <listitem>
62 <para>Often used by email programs</para>
63 </listitem>
64 </varlistentry>
65 <varlistentry>
66 <term><literal>news:x:&uid-news;:&gid-news;:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false</literal></term>
67 <listitem>
68 <para>Often used for network news servers</para>
69 </listitem>
70 </varlistentry>
71 <varlistentry>
72 <term><literal>operator:x:&uid-operator;:&gid-root;:operator:/root:/bin/bash</literal></term>
73 <listitem>
74 <para>Often used to allow system operators to access the system</para>
75 </listitem>
76 </varlistentry>
77 <varlistentry>
78 <term><literal>postmaster:x:&uid-postmaster;:&gid-mail;:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false</literal></term>
79 <listitem>
80 <para>Generally used as an account that receives all the information of troubles with the mail server</para>
81 </listitem>
82 </varlistentry>
83 </variablelist>
84
85 <para>Create the <filename>${CLFS}/etc/group</filename> file by running
86 the following command:</para>
87
88<screen><userinput>cat &gt; ${CLFS}/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
89<literal>root:x:0:
90bin:x:&gid-bin;:
91sys:x:&gid-sys;:
92kmem:x:&gid-kmem;:
93tty:x:&gid-tty;:
94tape:x:&gid-tape;:
95daemon:x:&gid-daemon;:
96floppy:x:&gid-floppy;:
97disk:x:&gid-disk;:
98lp:x:&gid-lp;:
99dialout:x:&gid-dialout;:
100audio:x:&gid-audio;:
101video:x:&gid-video;:
102utmp:x:&gid-utmp;:
103usb:x:&gid-usb;:
104cdrom:x:&gid-cdrom;:
105adm:x:&gid-adm;:
106messagebus:x:&gid-messagebus;:
107systemd-journal:x:&gid-systemd-journal;:
108mail:x:&gid-mail;:
109wheel:x:&gid-wheel;:
110nogroup:x:&gid-nogroup;:</literal>
111EOF</userinput></screen>
112
113 <variablelist os="d">
114
115 <title>Additional groups you may want to add if not already included:</title>
116
117 <varlistentry>
118 <term><literal>console:x:&gid-console;:</literal></term>
119 <listitem>
120 <para>This group has direct access to the console</para>
121 </listitem>
122 </varlistentry>
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><literal>cdrw:x:&gid-cdrw;:</literal></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This group is allowed to use the CDRW drive</para>
127 </listitem>
128 </varlistentry>
129 <varlistentry>
130 <term><literal>news:x:&gid-news;:news</literal></term>
131 <listitem>
132 <para>Used by Network News Servers</para>
133 </listitem>
134 </varlistentry>
135 <varlistentry>
136 <term><literal>users:x:&gid-users;:</literal></term>
137 <listitem>
138 <para>The default GID used by shadow for new users</para>
139 </listitem>
140 </varlistentry>
141 <varlistentry>
142 <term><literal>nobody:x:&gid-nogroup;:</literal></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>This is used by NFS</para>
145 </listitem>
146 </varlistentry>
147 </variablelist>
148
149 <para os="e">The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are
150 groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Systemd configuration
151 in the final system, and in part by common convention employed by a
152 number of existing Linux distributions. The Linux Standard Base (LSB,
153 available at <ulink url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only
154 that, besides the group <quote>root</quote> with a Group ID (GID) of 0,
155 a group <quote>bin</quote> with a GID of 1 be present. All other group
156 names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since
157 well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the
158 group's name.</para>
159
160</sect1>
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