1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-boot-creatingdirs">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Creating Directories</title>
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12 |
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13 | <para os="a">It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
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14 | standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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15 |
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16 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv ${LFS}/{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
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17 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/{proc,media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,sys,var}
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18 | install -dv -m 0750 ${LFS}/root
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19 | install -dv -m 1777 ${LFS}{/var,}/tmp
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20 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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21 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
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22 | mkdir -v ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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23 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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24 | for dir in ${LFS}/usr{,/local}; do
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25 | ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
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26 | done
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27 | mkdir -v ${LFS}/var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
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28 | mkdir -pv ${LFS}/var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
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29 |
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30 | <para os="b">Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755,
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31 | but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above,
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32 | two changes are made—one to the home directory of user
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33 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the
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34 | directories for temporary files.</para>
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35 |
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36 | <para os="c">The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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37 | the <filename class="directory">${LFS}/root</filename> directory—the
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38 | same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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39 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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40 | <filename class="directory">${LFS}/tmp</filename> and
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41 | <filename class="directory">${LFS}/var/tmp</filename> directories, but
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42 | cannot remove another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited
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43 | by the so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the
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44 | 1777 bit mask.</para>
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45 |
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46 | <sect2 os="d">
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47 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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48 |
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49 | <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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50 | (FHS) (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In
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51 | addition to the tree created above, this standard stipulates the
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52 | existence of <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename>
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53 | and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS
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54 | is not precise as to the structure of the <filename
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55 | class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory, so we
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56 | create only the directories that are needed. However, feel free to
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57 | create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly to
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58 | the FHS.</para>
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59 |
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60 | </sect2>
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61 |
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62 | </sect1>
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