1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> |
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent"> |
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5 | %general-entities; |
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6 | ]> |
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7 | |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-boot-createfiles"> |
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?> |
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10 | |
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11 | <title>Creating Essential Symlinks</title> |
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12 | |
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13 | <para os="a">Some programs use hard-wired paths to files which do not exist |
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14 | yet. In order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic |
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15 | links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of |
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16 | the next chapter after the software has been installed.</para> |
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17 | |
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18 | <screen os="b"><userinput>ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,grep,login,pwd,stty} ${CLFS}/bin |
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19 | ln -sv /tools/bin/file ${CLFS}/usr/bin |
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20 | ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} ${CLFS}/usr/lib |
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21 | ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{.6,} ${CLFS}/usr/lib |
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22 | sed -e 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > ${CLFS}/usr/lib/libstdc++.la |
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23 | ln -sv bash ${CLFS}/bin/sh |
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24 | ln -sv /tools/sbin/init ${CLFS}/sbin |
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25 | ln -sv /tools/etc/{login.{access,defs},limits} ${CLFS}/etc</userinput></screen> |
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26 | |
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27 | <variablelist os="c"> |
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28 | <title>The purpose of each link:</title> |
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29 | |
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30 | <varlistentry os="c1"> |
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31 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/bash</filename></parameter></term> |
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32 | <listitem> |
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33 | <para>Many <command>bash</command> scripts specify |
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34 | <filename>/bin/bash</filename>.</para> |
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35 | </listitem> |
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36 | </varlistentry> |
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37 | |
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38 | <varlistentry os="c2"> |
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39 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/cat</filename></parameter></term> |
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40 | <listitem> |
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41 | <para>This pathname is hard-coded into Glibc's configure script.</para> |
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42 | </listitem> |
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43 | </varlistentry> |
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44 | |
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45 | <varlistentry os="c3"> |
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46 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/echo</filename></parameter></term> |
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47 | <listitem> |
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48 | <para>This is to satisfy one of the tests in Glibc's test suite, which |
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49 | expects <filename>/bin/echo</filename>.</para> |
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50 | </listitem> |
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51 | </varlistentry> |
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52 | |
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53 | <varlistentry os="c4"> |
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54 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/grep</filename></parameter></term> |
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55 | <listitem> |
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56 | <para>This to avoid a hard-coded |
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57 | <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> reference in Libtool.</para> |
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58 | </listitem> |
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59 | </varlistentry> |
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60 | |
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61 | <varlistentry os="c5"> |
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62 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/login</filename></parameter></term> |
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63 | <listitem> |
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64 | <para>The <command>agetty</command> program expects to find |
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65 | <command>login</command> in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>.</para> |
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66 | </listitem> |
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67 | </varlistentry> |
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68 | |
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69 | <varlistentry os="c6"> |
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70 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/pwd</filename></parameter></term> |
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71 | <listitem> |
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72 | <para>Some <command>configure</command> scripts, particularly Glibc's, |
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73 | have this pathname hard-coded.</para> |
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74 | </listitem> |
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75 | </varlistentry> |
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76 | |
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77 | <varlistentry os="c7"> |
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78 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/stty</filename></parameter></term> |
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79 | <listitem> |
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80 | <para>This pathname is hard-coded into Expect, therefore it is needed |
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81 | for Binutils and GCC test suites to pass.</para> |
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82 | </listitem> |
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83 | </varlistentry> |
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84 | |
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85 | <varlistentry os="c8"> |
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86 | <term><parameter><filename>/usr/bin/file</filename></parameter></term> |
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87 | <listitem> |
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88 | <para>Binutils' <command>configure</command> scripts specify this |
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89 | command location.</para> |
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90 | </listitem> |
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91 | </varlistentry> |
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92 | |
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93 | <varlistentry os="c9"> |
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94 | <term><parameter><filename>/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1}</filename></parameter></term> |
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95 | <listitem> |
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96 | <para>Glibc needs this for the pthreads library to work.</para> |
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97 | </listitem> |
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98 | </varlistentry> |
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99 | |
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100 | <varlistentry os="c10"> |
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101 | <term><parameter><filename>/usr/lib/libstdc++{,.6}</filename></parameter></term> |
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102 | <listitem> |
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103 | <para>This is needed by several tests in Glibc's test suite, as well as |
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104 | for C++ support in GMP.</para> |
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105 | </listitem> |
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106 | </varlistentry> |
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107 | |
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108 | <varlistentry os="c11"> |
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109 | <term><parameter><filename>/usr/lib/libstdc++.la</filename></parameter></term> |
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110 | <listitem> |
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111 | <para>This prevents a <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> |
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112 | reference that would otherwise be in |
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113 | <filename>/usr/lib/libstdc++.la</filename> after GCC is installed.</para> |
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114 | </listitem> |
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115 | </varlistentry> |
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116 | |
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117 | <varlistentry os="c12"> |
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118 | <term><parameter><filename>/bin/sh</filename></parameter></term> |
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119 | <listitem> |
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120 | <para>Many shell scripts hard-code <filename>/bin/sh</filename>.</para> |
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121 | </listitem> |
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122 | </varlistentry> |
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123 | |
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124 | <varlistentry os="c13"> |
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125 | <term><parameter><filename>/sbin/init</filename></parameter></term> |
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126 | <listitem> |
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127 | <para>This is where the kernel expects to find <command>init</command>.</para> |
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128 | </listitem> |
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129 | </varlistentry> |
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130 | |
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131 | <varlistentry os="c14"> |
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132 | <term><parameter><filename>/etc/{login.{access,defs},limits}</filename></parameter></term> |
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133 | <listitem> |
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134 | <para>These are configuration files used by Shadow and are expected to |
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135 | be found in <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>, for programs |
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136 | such as <command>login</command> and <command>su</command> to work.</para> |
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137 | </listitem> |
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138 | </varlistentry> |
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139 | |
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140 | </variablelist> |
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141 | |
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142 | <para os="d">Historically, Linux maintains a list of the mounted file systems |
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143 | in the file <filename>/etc/mtab</filename>. Modern kernels maintain this list |
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144 | internally and expose it to the user via the |
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145 | <filename class="directory">/proc</filename> filesystem. To satisfy utilities |
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146 | that expect the presence of <filename>/etc/mtab</filename>, create the |
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147 | following symbolic link:</para> |
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148 | |
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149 | <screen os="e"><userinput>ln -sv /proc/self/mounts ${CLFS}/etc/mtab</userinput></screen> |
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150 | |
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151 | </sect1> |
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