source: BOOK/final-system/common/glibc.xml @ 74592cf

clfs-3.0.0-sysvinitsysvinit
Last change on this file since 74592cf was 74592cf, checked in by Chris Staub <chris@…>, 10 years ago

Command to disable test lib is no longer needed

Conflicts:

BOOK/introduction/common/changelog.xml

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File size: 34.6 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5  %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9  <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11  <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
12
13  <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
14    <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
15  </indexterm>
16
17  <sect2 role="package">
18    <title/>
19
20    <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
21    the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
22    closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
23    arithmetic, and so on.</para>
24
25  </sect2>
26
27  <sect2 role="installation">
28    <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
29
30    <note os="z">
31      <para>Some packages outside of CLFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
32      order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
33      home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
34      <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
35      implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
36      implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
37      an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
38      Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on a CLFS system.</para>
39    </note>
40
41    <para os="l1">At the end of the installation, the build system will run
42    a sanity test to make sure everything installed properly. This script
43    performs its tests by attempting to compile test programs against certain
44    libraries. However it does not specify the path to
45    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename>, and our toolchain
46    is still configured to use the one in
47    <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The following set of
48    commands will force the script to use the complete path of the new
49    <filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename> that was just installed:</para>
50
51<screen os="l2"><userinput>LINKER=$(readelf -l /tools/bin/bash | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
52sed -i "s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=${LINKER} -o|" \
53  scripts/test-installation.pl
54unset LINKER</userinput></screen>
55
56    <para os="b">The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
57    perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
58    pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
59    and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
60    Glibc Autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
61    of achieving a clean build.</para>
62
63    <para os="s1">Apply the following <command>sed</command> so the
64    <command>tzselect</command> script works properly:</para>
65
66<screen os="s2"><userinput>sed -i 's/\\$$(pwd)/`pwd`/' timezone/Makefile</userinput></screen>
67
68    <para os="e">The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of     the source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
69
70<screen os="f"><userinput>mkdir -v ../glibc-build
71cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
72
73    <para os="g">Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
74
75<screen os="h"><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
76    --disable-profile --enable-kernel=&glibc-kernel-version; --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \
77    --enable-obsolete-rpc</userinput></screen>
78
79    <variablelist os="i">
80      <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
81
82      <varlistentry>
83        <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
84        <listitem>
85          <para>This changes the location for hard links to the
86          <command>getconf</command> utility from their default of <filename
87          class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
88          class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
89        </listitem>
90      </varlistentry>
91    </variablelist>
92
93    <para os="j">Compile the package:</para>
94
95<screen os="k"><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
96
97    <important os="l">
98      <para>Due to Glibc's critical role in a properly functioning system,
99      the CLFS developers strongly recommend running the testsuite.</para>
100    </important>
101
102    <para os="m">Use the following commands to run the test suite and output
103    any test failures:</para>
104
105<!-- items n,o,p no longer the master, use x86_64 which has no failures -->
106
107<screen os="n"><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log; grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
108
109    <para os="o">The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of
110    the host system, in particular the kernel. The <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
111    <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests normally fail
112    and you should see <literal>Error 1 (ignored)</literal> in the output. Apart
113    from this, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain
114    circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. If a test fails because of a missing
115    program (or missing symbolic link), or a segfault, you will see an error code
116    greater than 127 and the details will be in the log. More commonly, tests will
117    fail with <literal>Error 2</literal> - for these, the contents of the corresponding
118    <filename>.out</filename> file, e.g. <filename>posix/annexc.out</filename> may be
119    informative. Here is a list of the most common issues:</para>
120
121    <itemizedlist os="p">
122      <listitem>
123        <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
124        <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
125        <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
126        <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
127        tests have been known to fail.  The
128        reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
129        timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
130      </listitem>
131      <listitem>
132        <para>The <emphasis>math</emphasis> tests sometimes fail.
133        Certain optimization settings are known to be a
134        factor here.</para>
135      </listitem>
136      <listitem>
137        <para>If you have mounted the CLFS partition with the
138        <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis> test
139        will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="ch-partitioning-mounting"/>,
140        do not use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building
141        CLFS.</para>
142      </listitem>
143      <listitem>
144        <para>When running on older and slower hardware, some tests
145        can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
146        Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
147        help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
148        make -k check</command>).</para>
149      </listitem>
150      <listitem>
151        <para>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 will always fail due to not having a network
152        connection when the test is run.</para>
153      </listitem>
154    </itemizedlist>
155
156    <para os="q">Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
157    complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
158    Prevent this warning with:</para>
159
160<screen os="r"><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
161
162    <para os="s">Install the package, and remove unneeded files from
163    <filename class="directory">/usr/include/rpcsvc</filename>:</para>
164
165<screen os="t"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
166rm -v /usr/include/rpcsvc/*.x</userinput></screen>
167
168    <para os="u">Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
169    <command>nscd</command>:</para>
170
171<screen os="v"><userinput>cp -v ../glibc-2.19/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
172mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
173
174  </sect2>
175
176  <sect2 id="i18n-glibc" role="configuration">
177    <title>Internationalization</title>
178
179    <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different
180    language were not installed by the above command. Install them
181    with:</para>
182
183<screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
184
185    <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which
186    generates and installs every locale listed in the
187    <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file) is
188    to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be
189    achieved by using the <command>localedef</command> command. Information on
190    this command is located in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the
191    Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in
192    order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the
193    <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The following instructions,
194    instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above,
195    will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
196    successfully:</para>
197
198<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
199localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
200localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
201localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
202localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
203localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
204localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
205localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
206localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
207localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
208localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
209localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
210localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
211
212    <para>Some locales installed by the <command>make
213    localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly
214    supported by some applications that are in CLFS and CBLFS. Because
215    of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making
216    assumptions that break in such locales, CLFS should not be used in locales
217    that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left
218    writing order.  Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to
219    fix these problems, and it has been decided by the CLFS developers not to
220    support such complex locales at this time. This applies to the ja_JP and
221    fa_IR locales as well&mdash;they have been installed only for GCC and
222    Gettext tests to pass, and the <command>watch</command> program (part of
223    the Procps-ng package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to
224    circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related
225    hints.</para>
226
227  </sect2>
228
229  <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
230    <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
231
232    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
233      <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
234    </indexterm>
235
236    <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
237      <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
238    </indexterm>
239
240    <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
241    because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or
242    corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
243    The time zone also needs to be configured.</para>
244
245    <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running
246    the following:</para>
247
248<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
249<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
250
251passwd: files
252group: files
253shadow: files
254
255hosts: files dns
256networks: files
257
258protocols: files
259services: files
260ethers: files
261rpc: files
262
263# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
264EOF</userinput></screen>
265
266    <para>Install timezone data:</para>
267<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
268
269ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
270mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
271
272for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
273          asia australasia backward pacificnew \
274          systemv; do
275    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
276    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
277    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
278done
279
280cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
281zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
282unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
283
284    <variablelist>
285      <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
286
287      <varlistentry>
288        <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
289        <listitem>
290          <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds.  It is
291          conventional to put these in both
292          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
293          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
294          necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
295          <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
296          test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
297          tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
298          1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
299          directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
300          results</para>
301        </listitem>
302      </varlistentry>
303      <varlistentry>
304        <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
305        <listitem>
306          <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
307          embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
308          ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
309          save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
310          directory.</para>
311        </listitem>
312      </varlistentry>
313      <varlistentry>
314        <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
315        <listitem>
316          <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
317          New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
318          to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
319        </listitem>
320      </varlistentry>
321    </variablelist>
322
323    <para>To determine the local time zone, run the following script:</para>
324
325<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
326
327    <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
328    output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> or
329    <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>). Then create the
330    <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
331
332<screen><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> \
333    /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
334
335    <para>Replace <replaceable>[xxx]</replaceable> with the name of the time zone
336    that <command>tzselect</command> provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
337
338  </sect2>
339
340  <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
341    <title>Configuring The Dynamic Loader</title>
342
343    <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
344      <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
345    </indexterm>
346
347    <para os="ld-a">By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
348    class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
349    <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
350    class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
351    needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
352    directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
353    <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be
354    added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order
355    for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly
356    known to contain additional libraries are <filename
357    class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
358    class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
359    dynamic loader's search path.</para>
360
361    <para os="ld-b">Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
362    following:</para>
363
364<screen os="ld-c"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
365<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
366
367/usr/local/lib
368/opt/lib
369
370# End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
371EOF</userinput></screen>
372
373  </sect2>
374
375  <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
376    <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
377
378    <segmentedlist>
379      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
380      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
381      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
382
383      <seglistitem>
384        <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
385        ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
386        pcprofiledump, pldd, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
387        zdump, zic</seg>
388        <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so],
389        libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.[a,so], libcrypt.[a,so],
390        libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a,
391        libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so,
392        libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so,
393        libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libpthread_nonshared.a,
394        libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so,
395        libutil.[a,so]</seg>
396        <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
397        /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
398        /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
399        /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
400        /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
401        /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
402        /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc, /usr/lib/locale,
403        /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/cache/ldconfig,
404        /var/cache/nscd</seg>
405      </seglistitem>
406    </segmentedlist>
407
408    <variablelist>
409      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
410      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
411      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
412
413      <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
414        <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
415        <listitem>
416          <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
417          terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
418          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
419            <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
420          </indexterm>
421        </listitem>
422      </varlistentry>
423
424      <varlistentry id="gencat">
425        <term><command>gencat</command></term>
426        <listitem>
427          <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
428          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
429            <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
430          </indexterm>
431        </listitem>
432      </varlistentry>
433
434      <varlistentry id="getconf">
435        <term><command>getconf</command></term>
436        <listitem>
437          <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system specific
438          variables</para>
439          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
440            <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
441          </indexterm>
442        </listitem>
443      </varlistentry>
444
445      <varlistentry id="getent">
446        <term><command>getent</command></term>
447        <listitem>
448          <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
449          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
450            <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
451          </indexterm>
452        </listitem>
453      </varlistentry>
454
455      <varlistentry id="iconv">
456        <term><command>iconv</command></term>
457        <listitem>
458          <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
459          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
460            <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
461          </indexterm>
462        </listitem>
463      </varlistentry>
464
465      <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
466        <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
467        <listitem>
468          <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
469          files</para>
470          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
471            <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
472          </indexterm>
473        </listitem>
474      </varlistentry>
475
476      <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
477        <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
478        <listitem>
479          <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
480          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
481            <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
482          </indexterm>
483        </listitem>
484      </varlistentry>
485
486      <varlistentry id="ldd">
487        <term><command>ldd</command></term>
488        <listitem>
489          <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
490          by each given program or shared library</para>
491          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
492            <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
493          </indexterm>
494        </listitem>
495      </varlistentry>
496
497      <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
498        <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
499        <listitem>
500          <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
501          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
502            <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
503          </indexterm>
504        </listitem>
505      </varlistentry>
506
507      <varlistentry id="locale">
508        <term><command>locale</command></term>
509        <listitem>
510          <para>Tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales
511          for built-in operations</para>
512          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
513            <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
514          </indexterm>
515        </listitem>
516      </varlistentry>
517
518      <varlistentry id="localedef">
519        <term><command>localedef</command></term>
520        <listitem>
521          <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
522          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
523            <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
524          </indexterm>
525        </listitem>
526      </varlistentry>
527
528      <varlistentry id="makedb">
529        <term><command>makedb</command></term>
530        <listitem>
531          <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
532          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
533            <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
534          </indexterm>
535        </listitem>
536      </varlistentry>
537
538      <varlistentry id="mtrace">
539        <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
540        <listitem>
541          <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and
542          displays a summary in human-readable format</para>
543          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
544            <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
545          </indexterm>
546        </listitem>
547      </varlistentry>
548
549      <varlistentry id="nscd">
550        <term><command>nscd</command></term>
551        <listitem>
552          <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
553          service requests</para>
554          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
555            <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
556          </indexterm>
557        </listitem>
558      </varlistentry>
559
560      <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
561        <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
562        <listitem>
563          <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
564          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
565            <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
566          </indexterm>
567        </listitem>
568      </varlistentry>
569
570      <varlistentry id="pldd">
571        <term><command>pldd</command></term>
572        <listitem>
573          <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
574          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
575            <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
576          </indexterm>
577        </listitem>
578      </varlistentry>
579
580      <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
581        <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
582        <listitem>
583          <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure Call (RPC)
584          protocol</para>
585          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
586            <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
587          </indexterm>
588        </listitem>
589      </varlistentry>
590
591      <varlistentry id="sln">
592        <term><command>sln</command></term>
593        <listitem>
594          <para>A statically linked program that creates symbolic links</para>
595          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
596            <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
597          </indexterm>
598        </listitem>
599      </varlistentry>
600
601      <varlistentry id="sotruss">
602        <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
603        <listitem>
604          <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
605          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
606            <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
607          </indexterm>
608        </listitem>
609      </varlistentry>
610
611      <varlistentry id="sprof">
612        <term><command>sprof</command></term>
613        <listitem>
614          <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
615          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
616            <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
617          </indexterm>
618        </listitem>
619      </varlistentry>
620
621      <varlistentry id="tzselect">
622        <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
623        <listitem>
624          <para>Asks the user about the location of the
625          system and reports the corresponding time zone description</para>
626          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
627            <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
628          </indexterm>
629        </listitem>
630      </varlistentry>
631
632      <varlistentry id="xtrace">
633        <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
634        <listitem>
635          <para>Traces the execution of a program by
636          printing the currently executed function</para>
637          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
638            <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
639          </indexterm>
640        </listitem>
641      </varlistentry>
642
643      <varlistentry id="zdump">
644        <term><command>zdump</command></term>
645        <listitem>
646          <para>The time zone dumper</para>
647          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
648            <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
649          </indexterm>
650        </listitem>
651      </varlistentry>
652
653      <varlistentry id="zic">
654        <term><command>zic</command></term>
655        <listitem>
656          <para>The time zone compiler</para>
657          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
658            <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
659          </indexterm>
660        </listitem>
661      </varlistentry>
662
663      <varlistentry id="ld.so">
664        <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
665        <listitem>
666          <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
667          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
668            <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
669          </indexterm>
670        </listitem>
671      </varlistentry>
672
673      <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
674        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
675        <listitem>
676          <para>Used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales</para>
677          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
678            <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
679          </indexterm>
680        </listitem>
681      </varlistentry>
682
683      <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
684        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
685        <listitem>
686          <para>The segmentation fault signal handler</para>
687          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
688            <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
689          </indexterm>
690        </listitem>
691      </varlistentry>
692
693      <varlistentry id="libanl">
694        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
695        <listitem>
696          <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
697          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
698            <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
699          </indexterm>
700        </listitem>
701      </varlistentry>
702
703      <varlistentry id="libc">
704        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
705        <listitem>
706          <para>The main C library</para>
707          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
708            <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
709          </indexterm>
710        </listitem>
711      </varlistentry>
712
713      <varlistentry id="libcidn">
714        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
715        <listitem>
716          <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
717          names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
718          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
719            <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
720          </indexterm>
721        </listitem>
722      </varlistentry>
723
724      <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
725        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
726        <listitem>
727          <para>The cryptography library</para>
728          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
729            <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
730          </indexterm>
731        </listitem>
732      </varlistentry>
733
734      <varlistentry id="libdl">
735        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
736        <listitem>
737          <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
738          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
739            <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
740          </indexterm>
741        </listitem>
742      </varlistentry>
743
744      <varlistentry id="libg">
745        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
746        <listitem>
747          <para>A runtime library for <command>g++</command></para>
748          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
749            <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
750          </indexterm>
751        </listitem>
752      </varlistentry>
753
754      <varlistentry id="libieee">
755        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
756        <listitem>
757          <para>The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
758          floating point library</para>
759          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
760            <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
761          </indexterm>
762        </listitem>
763      </varlistentry>
764
765      <varlistentry id="libm">
766        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
767        <listitem>
768          <para>The mathematical library</para>
769          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
770            <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
771          </indexterm>
772        </listitem>
773      </varlistentry>
774
775      <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
776        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
777        <listitem>
778          <para>Contains code run at boot</para>
779          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
780            <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
781          </indexterm>
782        </listitem>
783      </varlistentry>
784
785      <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
786        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
787        <listitem>
788          <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> (included in Glibc, but
789          not built in a base CLFS system as it has additional dependencies)
790          to help collect information about the memory usage of a program</para>
791          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
792            <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
793          </indexterm>
794        </listitem>
795      </varlistentry>
796
797      <varlistentry id="libnsl">
798        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
799        <listitem>
800          <para>The network services library</para>
801          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
802            <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
803          </indexterm>
804        </listitem>
805      </varlistentry>
806
807      <varlistentry id="libnss">
808        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
809        <listitem>
810          <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
811          resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
812          protocols, etc.</para>
813          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
814            <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
815          </indexterm>
816        </listitem>
817      </varlistentry>
818
819      <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
820        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
821        <listitem>
822          <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
823          time spent in specific source code lines</para>
824          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
825            <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
826          </indexterm>
827        </listitem>
828      </varlistentry>
829
830      <varlistentry id="libpthread">
831        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
832        <listitem>
833          <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
834          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
835            <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
836          </indexterm>
837        </listitem>
838      </varlistentry>
839
840      <varlistentry id="libresolv">
841        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
842        <listitem>
843          <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
844          packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
845          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
846            <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
847          </indexterm>
848        </listitem>
849      </varlistentry>
850
851      <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
852        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
853        <listitem>
854          <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
855          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
856            <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
857          </indexterm>
858        </listitem>
859      </varlistentry>
860
861      <varlistentry id="librt">
862        <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
863        <listitem>
864          <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by
865          the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
866          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
867            <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
868          </indexterm>
869        </listitem>
870      </varlistentry>
871
872      <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
873        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
874        <listitem>
875          <para>Contains functions useful for
876          building debuggers for multi-threaded programs</para>
877          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
878            <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
879          </indexterm>
880        </listitem>
881      </varlistentry>
882
883      <varlistentry id="libutil">
884        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
885        <listitem>
886          <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
887          many different Unix utilities</para>
888          <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
889            <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
890          </indexterm>
891        </listitem>
892      </varlistentry>
893
894    </variablelist>
895
896  </sect2>
897
898</sect1>
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